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Ocular Side Effects of Medications and Diseases Many systemic medicines may yield several undesirable ocular side effects. Generally, such ocular side effects may include acuity changes, dry eye complaints, and even signs of actual tissue alteration and damage. Any unexpected, sight-threatening or intolerable visual or ocular side effect must be reported to the prescribing physician immediately. This lecture reviews the most common systemic medications and discusses their ocular side effects. Opticians should be able to understand how disease and medications can have an effect on their patient’s visual outcome. 1. Causes of Ocular Side Effects—10 Minutes A. At least 70 classes of systemic drugs have been associated with ocular side effects. B. Though adverse ocular reactions may be caused by a single factor, there are usually several influences that contribute to undesired complications C. Systemic medications may incite an exaggerated immune response within eye tissue D. Pharmacological toxicity may also occur, leading to cell death and loss of function. Such adverse drug reactions may occur within the optic nerve, causing optic neuropathy, and even optic atrophy E. even a single dose of a medication in some individuals may cause serious cellular disruption and death. One example is the occurrence of Stevens-Johnson syndrome following a single dose of a sulfon-amide in an immune-sensitive individual.2 Such vulnerability cannot be predicted with modern technology. 2. Systemic Hypertension Drugs- 5 minutes A. Systemic Hypertension Drugs B. 3. Drugs for Cholesterol Control-5 minutes A. Statins 1. Lipitor 2. Niacin 4. Cardiac and Vascular Drugs- 5 minutes A. Anti-angina medications B. Cardizem C. Anticoagulants D. Anti-arrhythmias 5. Pulmonary Disease Drugs- 5 minutes A. Beta 2 B. Steroids C. Mast Cell Stablizers D. Tuberculosis (TB) medications 6. Rheumatological Drugs- 5 minutes A. NSAIDs B. Indocin C. Biophosphates 7. Genitourinary Medications- 5 minutes A. HRT B. Prostate Therapy C. Erectile dysfunction (ED) 8. Psychogenic Medications- 5 minutes A..Depression B.Panic Disorders C. Schizophrenia D. OCD 9. Other Drug Categories- 5 minutes Learning Objectives Understand that some medications can cause ocular side effects Recognize ocular side effects vs problems with eyeglasses and contacts Understand how systematic