Download Unit 3 Objectives: Westward Expansion, Manifest Destiny and the

Unit 3 Objectives: Westward Expansion, Manifest Destiny and the Civil War In Chapter 3: Students will… • analyze the Jefferson Era, the Age of Andrew Jackson, manifest destiny, the market revolution, and various reform movements during the first half of the 19th century Chapter 3, section 1: The Jeffersonian Era – objectives: • identify significant changes that occurred during Thomas Jefferson’s presidency • explain the causes and consequences of the War of 1812 • summarize the ways in which nationalism shaped American foreign policy MAIN IDEA: During the presidencies of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe, the country grew in both size and prestige (in the world) Why it matters now: Today’s Democratic Party traces its roots to Jefferson and the Democratic-­Republican Party Chapter 3, section 2: The Age of Jackson – objectives • Describe the regional economic differences in the early United States. • Summarize tensions between national and sectional interests. • Examine the crucial issues and events of Andrew Jackson’s presidency. • Identify the presidents that followed Jackson and the challenges they faced. MAIN IDEA: During a time of growing sectionalism, Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 brought in a new era of popular democracy. Why it matters now: Jackson’s use of presidential powers laid the foundation for the modern presidency. Chapter 3, section 3: Manifest Destiny – objectives • Summarize the reasons settlers headed West. • Describe Texas settlement, struggle for independence, and annexation. • Explain the causes and consequences of the War with Mexico. • Analyze the California gold rush. MAIN IDEA: Through settlement and war, the U.S. greatly expanded its boundaries during the mid-­‐1800s. Why it matters now: The actions Americans took during this period established the current borders of the 48 contiguous states. MAIN IDEA: Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helped transform American society. Why it matters now: The market revolution and free enterprise system that took hold during this period still drive the nation’s economy in the 21st century. MAIN IDEA: Throughout the mid-­‐19th century, men and women embarked on a widespread effort to solve problems in American society. Why it matters now: A number of achievements from this period, including laws enacted and institutions established, still exist and guide our society today. Chapter 3, section 4: The Market Revolution – objectives • Describe the impact of new markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions on the 19th-­‐century American economy. • Explain the ways in which workplaces changed during the market revolution. • Summarize the efforts of workers to improve their economic security. Chapter 3, section 5: Reforming American Society – objectives • Explain how reform movements were inspired by the spiritual awakening of the 19th century • Describe the institution of slavery and the abolitionist movement. • Discuss the central role that women played in 19th c. reform movements In Chapter 4: Students will… • understand the events that led to the Civil War, the course and outcome of the war, and the establishment and eventual failure of Reconstruction. Chapter 4, section 1: The Divisive Politics of Slavery – objectives • Identify differences between the North and the South. • Describe the operation of the Underground Railroad and other forms of protest against slavery. • Explain the political conditions that gave rise to the Republican Party and divided the Whigs. • Describe the conflicts that led to secession. MAIN IDEA: Disagreements over slavery heightened regional tensions and led to the breakup of the Union. Why it matters now: The modern Democratic and Republican parties emerged from the political tensions of the mid-­
19th century. Chapter 4, section 2: The Civil War Begins – objectives • Analyze the strengths and strategies of both sides at the beginning of the Civil War. • Identify the key political issues that affected the conduct of the war. • Describe aspects of military and civilian life during wartime. MAIN IDEA: Shortly after the nation’s Southern states seceded from the Union, war began between the North and the South. Why it matters now: The nation’s identity was forged in part by the Civil War. Sectional divisions remain very strong even in the 21st century. Chapter 4, section 3: The North Takes Charge – objectives • Explain how decisive battles, such as Gettysburg and Vicksburg, changed the tide of the war. • Describe instances of total war waged by Generals Grant and Sherman. • Explain how the war changed the nation and people’s lives. MAIN IDEA: After four years of bloody fighting, the Union wore down the Confederacy and won the war. Why it matters now: The Union victory confirmed the authority of the federal government over the states. Chapter 4, section 4: Reconstruction and its Effects – objectives • Describe various Reconstruction plans and analyze the political consequences of the plans. • Describe how Reconstruction affected life in the South for white Southerners and former slaves. • Explain the reasons for the end of Reconstruction. MAIN IDEA: After the Civil war, the nation embarked on a period known as Reconstruction, during which attempts were made to re-­‐admit the Southern states to the Union. Why it matters now: The 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution, passed as part of Reconstruction, gave civil rights to Americans of all races. Unit 3 Essential and Focus questions All questions are to be answered in thorough responses, using complete sentences, by the day of the Unit 3 test. Essential Questions: 1. Was the expansion westward in keeping with American ideals, and how did the overwhelming desire for expansion increase sectionalism? 2. Did these stresses make the Civil War inevitable? Focus Questions 3. Evaluate the presidency of Thomas Jefferson in terms of the peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another. 4. Discuss whether Jefferson betrayed his beliefs with the purchase of the Louisiana Purchase. 5. What were the key policies in the administrations of Presidents George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and the early years of the presidency of James Madison that could be considered causes of the War of 1812? 6. Evaluate the rise of party politics vis à vis Jacksonian Democracy. (In other words, how did “Jacksonian Democracy” impact the expansion of party politics?) 7. Describe the effects of the Monroe Doctrine on future American foreign policy. 8. Describe the policy of Manifest Destiny and evaluate its effects on rising sectionalism. 9. How did the pressure to expand the country into new territories intensify the clash between the north and the south regarding the questions of slavery? 10. What were the various positive and negative effects on the United States of the Civil War, the period and events of Reconstruction, and the decades of Industrialization as the country neared the end of the 19th century?