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The Civil War • Also known as the War Between the States • Northern states were referred to as the Union • Southern States were referred to as the Confederacy Ulysses S Grant -HUGS Robert E. lee Background • November 6, 1860 • • December 20, 1860 February 18, 1861 Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States South Carolina seceded from the Union Jefferson Davis inaugurated President of the Confederate States Jefferson Davis Civil War Chronology • • • • • First Year of the War April 12, 1861 July 21, 1861 March 9, 1862 April 6-7, 1862 Fort Sumter is bombarded First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction) Clash between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia Battle of Shiloh • • • • • • • • • Second Year of the War April 24, 1862 June 26, 1862 August 28, 1862 September 17, 1862 September 23, 1862 October 8, 1862 December 13, 1862 December 31, 1862 Capture of New Orleans Battle for Richmond (Seven Days’ Battle) Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Emancipation Proclamation published Battle of Perrysville Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Stone’s River Civil War Chronology • • • • • • Third Year of the War May 1, 1863 July 1-3, 1863 July 4, 1863 September 19, 1863 November 23, 1863 • • • • • • • • • • • Fourth Year of the War May 8, 1864 June 1, 1864 June 9, 1864 July 22, 1864 July 30, 1864 December 13-16, 1864 March 4, 1865 April 9, 1865 April 14, 1865 May 26, 1865 Battle of Chancellorsville Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Vicksburg Battle of Chickamauga Battle of Chattanooga (Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge) Battle of Spotsylvania Court House Battle of Cold Harbor Beginning of the Siege of Petersburg The Capture of Atlanta Union attempt to take Petersburg Battle of Nashville (longest of the war) Second Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House Abraham Lincoln assassinated Last Confederate troops surrender in West Union Generals Winfield Winfield Scott Scott Irwin Irwin McDowell McDowell Ambrose Ambrose Burnside Burnside George George McClellan McClellan (SIDEBURNS) (SIDEBURNS) Joseph Joseph Hooker Hooker (PROSTITUTES) (PROSTITUTES) George George Meade Meade George George McClellan McClellan Again! Again! Ulysses Ulysses S. S. Grant Grant Confederate Generals ““Stonewall” Stonewall” Jackson Jackson Nathan Nathan Bedford Bedford Forrest Forrest George George Pickett Pickett Jeb Jeb Stuart Stuart James James Longstreet Longstreet Robert Robert E. E. Lee Lee First Year of the War • • • • April 12, 1861 July 21, 1861 March 9, 1862 April 6-7, 1862 Fort Sumter is bombarded First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction) Clash between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia Battle of Shiloh The War Begins!!! •Lincoln received a dispatch from a commander of a fort on an island located in Charleston, South Carolina harbor. They fort was in need of supplies. •Lincoln sent an unarmed expedition with supplies to Fort Sumter promising that Union forces would not “throw in men, arms, and ammunition,” unless they were fired upon. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861 • On April 12, 1861, Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered the attack on Fort Sumter before the supplies arrived. The Union garrison held out for 33 hours. Thousands of shots were fired, and there were no casualties. The United States Civil War had begun. First Battle Bull Run: July 22, 1861 • • Also known as Manassas Junction, this was the first major land engagement of the war. Federal troops occupied Alexandria, Virginia to protect Washington, D.C. from a southern attack. 35,000 troops under the command of Union General Irwin McDowell met an equally inexperienced Confederate force under the command of General P.G.T. Beauregard and Thomas “Stonewall Jackson.” Break the line troops, or I am fired! Irwin McDowell I am as tough as a Stonewall! You can’t break me! P.G.T. Beauregard Stonewall Jackson Manassas Junction George B. McClellan A determined stand early in the afternoon by Jackson and the timely arrival of more troops, brought victory to the South. President Lincoln appointed George B. McClellan to head the Union Army of the East, called the Army of the Potomac. The Battle of the Ironclads: March 9, 1862 The Monitor vs. the Merrimac The blockade did prove to be successful. It reduced southern trade with the world by twothirds. Goods were in short supply for the South throughout the war. Prior to Bull Run, Lincoln had ordered a blockade of southern ports. An effective blockade would prevent the South from exporting cotton and importing necessary supplies for their war effort. • • • • The Monitor v. The Merrimac (CSS Virginia) Battle of the Ironclads (March 9, 1862) Southerners salvaged an abandoned warship, the Merrimac, after seizing the naval shipyard in Norfolk, Virginia. They renamed it the CSS Virginia. On March 9, the two ironclads engaged one another, but neither ship could sink the other. The Monitor managed to keep the ship in the harbor, so it could not threaten any northern ships. The battle marked a new age in naval warfare -the first battle between two metal-covered ships. Damage on the Deck of the Monitor The Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7, 1862 • • A primary goal for the Union was to gain control of the west by seizing the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers. This would split the Confederacy in half and hinder them from transporting goods. This battle was fought in southern Tennessee near the Mississippi border. Union General Ulysses. S. Grant, while advancing towards Corinth, was surprised attacked by Confederate forces under General Albert Johnston. Curse you, Grant, I died at this battle! Considered by Jefferson Davis to be “the turning point of our fate! Highest Confederate ranking officer killed in the Civil War Albert Johnston Ulysses. S. Grant The Confederates were successful on the first day, but fortunately for General Grant, the death of Johnston and the arrival of additional Union troops, led to a successful counter attack the following day. This was the first battle in the Western Hemisphere in which 100,000 men were engaged. Second Year of the War • • • • • • • • April 24, 1862 June 26, 1862 August 28, 1862 September 17, 1862 September 23, 1862 October 8, 1862 December 13, 1862 December 31, 1862 Capture of New Orleans Battle for Richmond (Seven Days’ Battle) Second Battle of Bull Run Battle of Antietam Emancipation Proclamation published Battle of Perrysville Battle of Fredericksburg Battle of Stone’s River The Capture of New Orleans: April 24, 1862 • • • A week after the battle of Shiloh, the United States, under Union navy captain, David Farragut, won another important victory. Union forces captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest city in the South. This capture meant that the Confederacy could no longer use the Mississippi River to carry goods to sea. Due to Grants and Farraguts victories, The Union controlled most of the Mississippi River. Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead! David Farragut A Statue of Farragat, crafted in 1881, from the propeller of his flagship, stands in Farragut Square, in Washington, D.C. War in the East: 1861 -1862 1861-1862 Battle for Richmond: June 26, 1862 • • In the East, General George McClellan was training the Army of the Potomac. Finally, by March, 1862, the Union was ready to march to Richmond, the Confederate capital. On March 17, waged in southeastern Virginia on the peninsula between the James and the York River, General McClellan headed to toward Richmond. You must hurry McClellan. Stop taking your time! Abraham Lincoln President Lincoln, I am a West Point graduate and I must have time to train my troops! What do you know about military operations! General George McClellan Seven Days Battle • Outnumbered Confederates defeated the Union Army at Williamsburg, Virginia, and stopped the Union advancement towards Richmond. • After being wounded, General Johnston was succeeded by General Robert E. Lee, who promptly launched a series of counter attacks known as the Seven Days’ Battle. • The Confederate Army drove McClellan’s Union Army back to the peninsula. Second Battle of Bull Run: August 28, 1862 • Fought virtually on the same ground as the first battle, General John Pope, leading a Federal Army of 45,000 men into Virginia, was flanked by General Stonewall Jackson’s Confederate forces. I am best known for my defeat at the Second Battle! That Stinks! Stonewall Jackson General John Pope The Federalists were decisively defeated and suffered heavy causalities. Lee and the Confederates stood only 20 miles outside of Washington, D.C. Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862 Burnside’s Bridge September 17, 1862 •General McClellan’s Army of the Potomac intercepted the invading Confederates at Sharpsburg. •Following the success in Virginia, President Davis ordered General Lee to march north into Maryland, hoping to convince Maryland to join the war effort on the side of the Confederacy. Bloody Lane 23,000 casualties “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” • • The ensuing struggle was the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War. The armies fought to a stalemate, but Lee retired to Virginia. McClellan’s failure to follow Lee into Virginia, convinced President Lincoln to remove his command in November and replace him with General Ambrose Burnside. Sorry to hear that because you look ridiculous! Look at my side chops, Ha! At least “sideburns” is a fashion that I started! General Ambrose Burnside McClellan: I Can Do It All! A Letter from Lincoln to McClellan: TO GENERAL G. B. McCLELLAN. EXECUTIVE MANSION, WASHINGTON, October 13, 1862 MY DEAR SIR–You remember my speaking to you of what I called your over-cautiousness. Are you not overcautious when you assume that you cannot do what the enemy is constantly doing? Should you not claim to be at least his equal in prowess, and act upon the claim? • Lincoln, in a top hat, with Allan Pinkerton and Major General John Alexander McClernand, at Antietam. • “If General McClellan isn’t going to use his army, I’d like to borrow it for a time.” The Emancipation Proclamation • The battle of Antietam marked a change in war aims for the North. President Lincoln used the battle to take action against slavery. Becomes the Great Emancipator Lincoln shown in 1863 drafting the Emancipation Proclamation, the Second Declaration of Independence •On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. He proclaimed, “ . . . all persons held as slaves within any state . . . in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward and forever free.” A Union soldier reading the Emancipation Proclamation to newly freed slaves! The Southern View of Emancipation Battle of Fredericksburg: December 13, 1862 • The battle was fought between Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General Ambrose Burnside. •Ambrose Burnside Robert E. Lee • • The Union army’s futile frontal-failed assaults on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war. Union casualties were more than twice that of the Confederates Emancipation in 1863 The North Initiates the Draft, 1863 Buy Your Way Out of Military Service •Wealthy men, who could afford to pay a $300.00 Commutation Fee could exclude themselves from military service Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC •Working man could not afford the $300.00 •This ultimately led to violence NYC Draft Riots, (July 13 -16, 1863) 13-16, •Known as Draft week, violent disturbances in New York City •Culminated in the discontent with the new Draft laws passed by Congress NYC Draft Riots, (July 13 -16, 1863) 13-16, A ““Pogrom” Pogrom” Against Blacks •The New York city protests turned ugly and led to a “virtually racial pogrom, with uncounted numbers of blacks murdered in the streets.” Recruiting Blacks in NYC Black Troops Freeing Slaves African -Americans African-Americans in Civil War Battles African -American Recruiting Poster African-American th The Famous 54 Massachusetts Col. Robert Gould Shaw •Colonel of the allblack 54th Regiment of Massachusetts •Killed at the Battle of Fort Wagner, near Charleston, South Carolina, in 1863 •Inspired the movie Glory August Saint-Gaudens Memorial