Download The Civil War

The Civil War
• Also known as the War
Between the States
• Northern states were
referred to as the Union
• Southern States were
referred to as the
Confederacy
Ulysses S Grant -HUGS
Robert E. lee
Background
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November 6, 1860
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December 20, 1860
February 18, 1861
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln elected President
of the United States
South Carolina seceded from the Union
Jefferson Davis inaugurated President of
the Confederate States
Jefferson Davis
Civil War Chronology
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First Year of the War
April 12, 1861
July 21, 1861
March 9, 1862
April 6-7, 1862
Fort Sumter is bombarded
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction)
Clash between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
Battle of Shiloh
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Second Year of the War
April 24, 1862
June 26, 1862
August 28, 1862
September 17, 1862
September 23, 1862
October 8, 1862
December 13, 1862
December 31, 1862
Capture of New Orleans
Battle for Richmond (Seven Days’ Battle)
Second Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation published
Battle of Perrysville
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Stone’s River
Civil War Chronology
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Third Year of the War
May 1, 1863
July 1-3, 1863
July 4, 1863
September 19, 1863
November 23, 1863
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Fourth Year of the War
May 8, 1864
June 1, 1864
June 9, 1864
July 22, 1864
July 30, 1864
December 13-16, 1864
March 4, 1865
April 9, 1865
April 14, 1865
May 26, 1865
Battle of Chancellorsville
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Vicksburg
Battle of Chickamauga
Battle of Chattanooga (Lookout Mountain and
Missionary Ridge)
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
Battle of Cold Harbor
Beginning of the Siege of Petersburg
The Capture of Atlanta
Union attempt to take Petersburg
Battle of Nashville (longest of the war)
Second Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House
Abraham Lincoln assassinated
Last Confederate troops surrender in West
Union Generals
Winfield
Winfield Scott
Scott
Irwin
Irwin McDowell
McDowell
Ambrose
Ambrose Burnside
Burnside
George
George McClellan
McClellan
(SIDEBURNS)
(SIDEBURNS)
Joseph
Joseph Hooker
Hooker
(PROSTITUTES)
(PROSTITUTES)
George
George Meade
Meade
George
George McClellan
McClellan
Again!
Again!
Ulysses
Ulysses S.
S. Grant
Grant
Confederate Generals
““Stonewall”
Stonewall” Jackson
Jackson
Nathan
Nathan Bedford
Bedford
Forrest
Forrest
George
George Pickett
Pickett
Jeb
Jeb Stuart
Stuart
James
James Longstreet
Longstreet
Robert
Robert E.
E. Lee
Lee
First Year of the War
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April 12, 1861
July 21, 1861
March 9, 1862
April 6-7, 1862
Fort Sumter is bombarded
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction)
Clash between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
Battle of Shiloh
The War Begins!!!
•Lincoln received a dispatch from a commander of a fort on an island located in
Charleston, South Carolina harbor. They fort was in need of supplies.
•Lincoln sent an unarmed expedition with supplies to Fort Sumter promising that
Union forces would not “throw in men, arms, and ammunition,” unless they were
fired upon.
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
•
On April 12, 1861, Confederate president Jefferson Davis ordered the attack on
Fort Sumter before the supplies arrived. The Union garrison held out for 33
hours. Thousands of shots were fired, and there were no casualties. The United
States Civil War had begun.
First Battle Bull Run: July 22, 1861
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Also known as Manassas Junction, this was the first major land
engagement of the war. Federal troops occupied Alexandria, Virginia
to protect Washington, D.C. from a southern attack.
35,000 troops under the command of Union General Irwin McDowell
met an equally inexperienced Confederate force under the command
of General P.G.T. Beauregard and Thomas “Stonewall Jackson.”
Break the
line troops,
or I am fired!
Irwin McDowell
I am as tough as a
Stonewall!
You can’t break me!
P.G.T. Beauregard
Stonewall Jackson
Manassas Junction
George B. McClellan
A determined stand early in the afternoon by Jackson and the timely arrival of
more troops, brought victory to the South.
President Lincoln appointed George B. McClellan to head the Union Army of the
East, called the Army of the Potomac.
The Battle of the Ironclads: March 9, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
The blockade did prove to be
successful. It reduced southern
trade with the world by twothirds. Goods were in short
supply for the South throughout
the war.
Prior to Bull Run, Lincoln had
ordered a blockade of southern
ports. An effective blockade
would prevent the South from
exporting cotton and importing
necessary supplies for their war
effort.
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The Monitor v. The Merrimac (CSS Virginia)
Battle of the Ironclads (March 9, 1862)
Southerners salvaged an abandoned warship, the Merrimac, after seizing
the naval shipyard in Norfolk, Virginia. They renamed it the CSS Virginia.
On March 9, the two ironclads engaged one another, but neither ship
could sink the other. The Monitor managed to keep the ship in the
harbor, so it could not threaten any northern ships.
The battle marked a new age in naval warfare -the first battle between
two metal-covered ships.
Damage on the Deck of the Monitor
The Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7, 1862
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A primary goal for the Union was to gain control of the west by seizing
the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers. This would split the Confederacy
in half and hinder them from transporting goods.
This battle was fought in southern Tennessee near the Mississippi
border. Union General Ulysses. S. Grant, while advancing towards
Corinth, was surprised attacked by Confederate forces under General
Albert Johnston.
Curse you,
Grant, I died at
this battle!
Considered by
Jefferson Davis to
be “the turning point
of our fate!
Highest Confederate
ranking officer killed
in the Civil War
Albert Johnston
Ulysses. S. Grant
The Confederates were successful on the first day, but fortunately for General
Grant, the death of Johnston and the arrival of additional Union troops, led to a
successful counter attack the following day.
This was the first battle in the Western Hemisphere in which 100,000 men were
engaged.
Second Year of the War
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April 24, 1862
June 26, 1862
August 28, 1862
September 17, 1862
September 23, 1862
October 8, 1862
December 13, 1862
December 31, 1862
Capture of New Orleans
Battle for Richmond (Seven Days’ Battle)
Second Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
Emancipation Proclamation published
Battle of Perrysville
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Stone’s River
The Capture of New Orleans: April 24, 1862
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A week after the battle of Shiloh, the United States, under Union
navy captain, David Farragut, won another important victory.
Union forces captured New Orleans, Louisiana, the largest city in
the South. This capture meant that the Confederacy could no
longer use the Mississippi River to carry goods to sea.
Due to Grants and Farraguts victories, The Union controlled most
of the Mississippi River.
Damn the torpedoes,
full speed ahead!
David Farragut
A Statue of Farragat, crafted in 1881, from the propeller of his flagship, stands
in Farragut Square, in Washington, D.C.
War in the East: 1861
-1862
1861-1862
Battle for Richmond: June 26, 1862
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In the East, General George McClellan was training the Army of the
Potomac. Finally, by March, 1862, the Union was ready to march to
Richmond, the Confederate capital.
On March 17, waged in southeastern Virginia on the peninsula
between the James and the York River, General McClellan headed to
toward Richmond.
You must hurry
McClellan. Stop
taking your
time!
Abraham Lincoln
President Lincoln,
I am a West
Point graduate
and I must have
time to train my
troops! What do
you know about
military
operations!
General George McClellan
Seven Days Battle
• Outnumbered Confederates
defeated the Union Army at
Williamsburg, Virginia, and
stopped the Union advancement
towards Richmond.
• After being wounded, General
Johnston was succeeded by
General Robert E. Lee, who
promptly launched a series of
counter attacks known as the
Seven Days’ Battle.
• The Confederate Army drove
McClellan’s Union Army back to
the peninsula.
Second Battle of Bull Run: August 28, 1862
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Fought virtually on the same ground as the first battle, General John Pope,
leading a Federal Army of 45,000 men into Virginia, was flanked by General
Stonewall Jackson’s Confederate forces.
I am best known
for my defeat at
the Second
Battle! That
Stinks!
Stonewall Jackson
General John Pope
The Federalists were decisively defeated and suffered heavy causalities.
Lee and the Confederates stood only 20 miles outside of Washington, D.C.
Battle of Antietam: September 17, 1862
Burnside’s Bridge
September 17, 1862
•General McClellan’s Army of the
Potomac intercepted the invading
Confederates at Sharpsburg.
•Following the success in Virginia,
President Davis ordered General Lee to
march north into Maryland, hoping to
convince Maryland to join the war
effort on the side of the Confederacy.
Bloody Lane
23,000 casualties
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
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The ensuing struggle was the bloodiest one-day battle of the
Civil War. The armies fought to a stalemate, but Lee retired to
Virginia.
McClellan’s failure to follow Lee into Virginia, convinced
President Lincoln to remove his command in November and
replace him with General Ambrose Burnside.
Sorry to hear
that because
you look
ridiculous!
Look at my side
chops, Ha! At
least “sideburns”
is a fashion that
I started!
General Ambrose Burnside
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
A Letter from Lincoln to
McClellan:
TO GENERAL G. B.
McCLELLAN.
EXECUTIVE
MANSION,
WASHINGTON,
October 13, 1862
MY DEAR SIR–You
remember my speaking
to you of what I called
your over-cautiousness.
Are you not overcautious when you
assume that you cannot
do what the enemy is
constantly doing?
Should you not claim to
be at least his equal in
prowess, and act upon
the claim?
• Lincoln, in a top hat, with Allan Pinkerton and Major General John
Alexander McClernand, at Antietam.
• “If General McClellan isn’t going to use his army, I’d like to borrow it
for a time.”
The Emancipation Proclamation
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The battle of Antietam marked a
change in war aims for the North.
President Lincoln used the battle to
take action against slavery.
Becomes the Great Emancipator
Lincoln shown in 1863 drafting the Emancipation
Proclamation, the Second Declaration of Independence
•On September 22, 1862, President
Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation. He proclaimed, “ . . .
all persons held as slaves within any
state . . . in rebellion against the
United States, shall be then,
thenceforward and forever free.”
A Union
soldier
reading the
Emancipation
Proclamation
to newly
freed slaves!
The Southern View of Emancipation
Battle of Fredericksburg: December 13, 1862
• The battle was fought between Confederate General Robert
E. Lee and Union General Ambrose Burnside.
•Ambrose Burnside
Robert E. Lee
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The Union army’s futile frontal-failed assaults on December 13 against
entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city is
remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war.
Union casualties were more than twice that of the Confederates
Emancipation in 1863
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
•Wealthy men, who could afford to pay a $300.00 Commutation Fee could
exclude themselves from military service
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
•Working man could not
afford the $300.00
•This ultimately led to
violence
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13
-16, 1863)
13-16,
•Known as Draft week, violent disturbances in New York City
•Culminated in the discontent with the new Draft laws passed by Congress
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13
-16, 1863)
13-16,
A ““Pogrom”
Pogrom” Against Blacks
•The New York
city protests
turned ugly and
led to a “virtually
racial pogrom, with
uncounted
numbers of blacks
murdered in the
streets.”
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
African
-Americans
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
African
-American Recruiting Poster
African-American
th
The Famous 54 Massachusetts
Col. Robert Gould Shaw
•Colonel of the allblack 54th Regiment
of Massachusetts
•Killed at the Battle
of Fort Wagner,
near Charleston,
South Carolina, in
1863
•Inspired the movie
Glory
August Saint-Gaudens Memorial