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Electric current: The continuous flow of electrical charges through a material. The unit that measures the rate of the current (the flow rate) is the ampere. ◦ This is shortened to “amps”. The number of amps describes the amount of charge flowing past a given point. In order to maintain an electrical current the charge must flow in a continuous loop. A complete, unbroken path that charges flow is called a ________________. ◦CIRCUIT!!!!! Conductor: a material through which charges can flow easily. ◦ Ex. Metals Insulators: a material that does not allow charges to flow through. ◦ Ex. Rubber, wood Charges flow because the differences in electric potential energy. Potential energy from an energy source can be converted into other forms of energy Voltage: The difference in electrical potential energy between two points on a circuit. ◦ This is measured in volts This difference in energy causes charges to flow. This is the measure of how difficult it is for charges to flow through an object. ◦ The greater the resistance the less current there is. ◦ Resistance is measured in Ohms. There are 4 factors that determine the resistance of an object. ◦ Diameter, length, material, temperature Diameter: current flows more easily through a wider diameter wire. Length: shorter wires provide less resistance Material: some materials have electrons that are tightly held together, because of this the electrons don’t transfer well. Temperature: resistance usually increases as the temperature increases.