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FIRST PUNIC WAR: Tina, Tara, & Elaine: The first Punic War was fought over the control of the islands of Corsica and Sicily. It was a war fought by the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire between 264­241 BC.1 In 264, the Carthaginians established a presence in Sicily by intervening in a dispute between its two main cities.2 Hiero II of Syracuse was fighting against the Mamertines of Messina in Sicily and the latter asked for help from first the Carthaginians and then the Romans. The Carthaginians were offended by this and allied with Syracuse. Rome went to Messana and fought for the Mamertines, expelling the Carthaginians.3 A Roman fleet attempted to gain control over Sicily but failed. However, they did gain control over Corsica and removed the Carthaginians. Rome later gained a beachhead in Africa with their second fleet in 256 BC. The Carthaginians were about to surrender however due to the fact that the terms set by Rome were too extreme, Carthage instead attacked with a new army with cavalry and elephants in 255 and drove the Romans to sea.The battle for Sicily stalemated in 254 BC until in 241 BC when a fleet of 200 Roman ships gave them control of the seas and secured their victory. One year later the Carthaginians surrender, ending the first Punic war.4 Edison & Haoyuan: The First Punic war was the first conflict of a series of three wars between Ancient Carthage and the Roman Republic, influencing North African people and Greek colonists.5 At that time, the Romans had just unified the Italian Peninsula and the Carthage is a wealthy kingdom in the Northern Africa. The two rivals wanted to owned Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, which would significantly benefit to Romans or Carthage if occupied.6 The ​
"First Punic War." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed November 11, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/event/First­Punic­War​
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"First Punic War." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed November 11, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/event/First­Punic­War​
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Mark, Joshua. "Punic Wars." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Accessed November 11, 2015. http://www.ancient.eu/Punic_Wars/​
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"First Punic War." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Accessed November 11, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/event/First­Punic­War​
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"Encyclopedia Britannica ­ Internet Archive." 2012. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
https://archive.org/details/EB1911WMF​
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"Causes of the Punic Wars: Home." 2010. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://causesofpunicwars.webs.com/​
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war started from 264 B.C and ended in 241 B.C. with the Romans in victory. Sicily becomes the first province of Roman and Sardinia and Corsica were also annexed. 7 Emily, Ciera, & Shu Hong: Between the years 264­241 BCE, 8 the first Punic war occurred where Rome conquered Corsica, Sicily, and several other islands who were originally under the control of Carthage.9 This was a strategic move for the expansion of the Roman empire because gaining this land allowed them to take over fertile lands as well as an essential trading post (as it was a main center of trade), improving their economy and their overall wealth.10 The battle began in 264 BCE on the islands of Corsica and Sicily (mainly in the west coast of Sicily) and the fighting finally ended in 241 BCE. SECOND PUNIC WAR: Tony & Robert: The ​
Second Punic War ​
is characterized by its substantial importance in Europe during 218­201 B.C, in which two major powers clashed in the name of conquest. The Carthaginian dominion located in Spain was a growing threat in the eyes of the Romans as they saw the opposing empire’s prosperity as a testament to their own power and glory. Giving way to their insatiable desire of conquest, the Romans stood face to face with their opposition, challenging the self­imposed authority of Carthage. War was imminent. One of the most important people during this period is the Carthaginian general, Hannibal. As a child, the young Carthaginian swore hostility toward the empire of Rome. Consequently, this malice toward the rival nation would inevitably aid him in the heat of battle. Hannibal was well known for attacking the city of Saguntum, which was located south of the Iberian Peninsula and the Ebro River.11 Through the treaty that had happened after the time of the First Punic War, the Ebro was the limit for Carthaginian influence to conquer the land they had. The Carthaginian attack on Saguntum had been declared as an act of war, in accordance to the 7
"The First Punic War (B.C. 264­241) ­ Forum Romanum." 2003. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey14.html​
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"First Punic War | Britannica.com." 2015. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.britannica.com/event/First­Punic­War​
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"First Punic War | Britannica.com." 2015. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.britannica.com/event/First­Punic­War​
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"Causes of the Punic Wars: Home." 2010. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://causesofpunicwars.webs.com/​
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"Hannibal | Carthaginian general [247­183 BC] | Britannica ..." 2015. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Hannibal­Carthaginian­general­247­183­BC​
> Roman empire, and as a result, this attack lasted for eight months between the two infamous powers.12 This attack continued to be declared as the Second Punic War by the Romans from the success of Hannibal’s conquest. In 219 BCE, Hannibal spent his time in Carthage in active preparation to carry the war back into the city of Rome. In accordance to historic information, Hannibal led his journey into Gaul with more than 100,000 troops, including 40 war elephants as their weapon of choice.13 Hannibal’s excursion into Rome was a success for his military, therefore, resulting Hannibal success to keep Hannibal was seen as a separate entity from his peoples. His ingenious deployment, insight and tactics were unparalleled in the eyes of the Romans, a feat that was the first of its kind. In hindsight, the Romans were oblivious to the potential destruction that the young Carthage general was capable of bestowing upon their empire and would have been hesitant to directly confront his armies had they been wary of this fact. This dispute would be known as the Second Punic War, a conflict that included the participation of the strongest warriors that Europe had ever produced. Karishma & Robyn: The second Punic war broke out in 218 B.C.E.between the Romans and the Carthaginians and ended in 208 B.C.E.1415 This happened because when the Carthaginian leader, ​
Hasdrubal, was on his deathbed, he ​
made his son, Hannibal swear a blood oath against Rome. After his father’s death, Hannibal took control of the Carthaginian armies in Spain and within 2 years, marched his armies into the Roman­controlled city of ​
Saguntum, effectively declaring war on Rome.16​
Hannibal took command of his forces in Spain. Later, he invaded Saguntum, a city under the protection of Rome. Hannibal then carried on to Rome with his 102,000 men and a handful of war elephants. His many defeats against the Romans ended after he spread what was left of his army around the Roman army, twice the size of his own. 12
"Hannibal | Carthaginian general [247­183 BC] | Britannica ..." 2015. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.britannica.com/biography/Hannibal­Carthaginian­general­247­183­BC​
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"Hannibal ­ Warrior, General ­ Biography.com." 2011. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.biography.com/people/hannibal­9327767​
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"The Second Punic War (B.C. 218­201) ­ Forum Romanum." 2003. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.forumromanum.org/history/morey15.html​
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"Second Punic War | Britannica.com." 2015. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.britannica.com/event/Second­Punic­War​
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"Punic Wars ­ Ancient History ­ HISTORY.com." 2014. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient­history/punic­wars​
> The Romans won back Italy and took over Spain and North Africa was well. At the end of the war, Hannibal’s men were spread too far and the Carthaginian Empire came to an end.17 After the war, the Roman empire was greatly changed. Due to the number of Romans relocating back to Rome became one of the most populated countries in Europe. having conquered Spain due to the Carthaginian defeat, Rome began investing their money abroad and holding Spanish banks, buildings etc. showing the rest of the world how effective they are.18 Clementine, Michelle, & Shayan: When the chance came to make the break with Rome, Hannibal seized it. By 220 the city of Saguntum, some way south of the Ebro, had allied with Rome. When a tribe allied to Carthage started to raid Saguntum territory, Hannibal sided with the allied tribe, and despite a direct warning from the Romans not to, attacked Saguntum (Spring 219 BC). Although the siege took eight months, it consisted of a series of attempts to take the city by storm, an unusually aggressive plan for this period. The city was captured at the end of 219, and Hannibal sent his troops into winter quarters. Although Rome did nothing to help Saguntum, she did send a delegation to Carthage over the winter. In a dramatic scene in the Carthaginian senate, the leader of the Roman delegation declared war. Only two decades after one of the most costly wars of antiquity, Rome and Carthage were once again at war. 19 THIRD PUNIC WAR: Alex & Mershab: The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. The War lasted from 146 BC to 149 BC. During this time Carthage was removed of their allies and were fined a toll of 200 silver talents(a form of currency) to be paid each year for 50 years. The Romans were attacking Carthage for two years and they were able to withstand the onslaught, the romans 17
"Punic Wars ­ Ancient History ­ HISTORY.com." 2014. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient­history/punic­wars​
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"The Punic Wars Change Rome ­ Macrohistory." 2009. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/rome07.htm​
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“Second Punic War, 218­201 BC.” ​
Second Punic War, 218­201 BC​
. Accessed November 11, 2015. http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_punic2.html. then appointed a new general Scipio Aemilianus. He then lead a fierce attack against the harbor side of Carthage­in the spring of 146 BC, and succeeded after a week of constant attack. This was one of the first attacks that lead to the romans creating one of the largest standing empires in this age20. Throughout the conflict, 150,000 ­ 250,000 people (est.) were killed, and 50,000 people were taken as prisoners. Jake & Jake: The third and last of the Punic wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of the Carthage and the Roman republic. When Numidia raided the borders of the Carthage border they repented with an 25,000 soldier campaign to defend and wage war against the Numidians, this decision that was made made displeased Rome, they told the Carthaginians that the only way to avoid war is to “satisfy the Roman people”. In 149 BC Rome declared war on Carthage. Carthage attempted to make an appeasement to Rome as to delivering three­hundred children of healthy born Carthaginians were sent as hostages to Rome. Joey, Ivan, & Mark: The third Punic War was the final Punic War between the Roman Republic and 21
Carthage. ​
This happened because ​
Carthage broke a peace treaty by starting a war with a 1​
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neighbouring country, the Romans then sent an army to begin the third punic war.​
After the second Punic War, the senate of Rome decide to attack Carthage. Even Rome destroyed the army of Carthage, the unjustifiable requirement made Carthaginians angry. They killed all the italians in Carthage and declare war with Rome. The third Punic War started from 149 BC and ended in 146 BC. The Roman Empire declared war against Carthage after Carthage broke its treaty with Rome and marched his army into Numidia.22 20
"Punic Wars ­ Ancient History ­ HISTORY.com." 2014. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient­history/punic­wars​
> 21 "Third Punic War ­ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." 2011. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Punic_War​
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"Punic Wars ­ Ancient History ­ HISTORY.com." 2014. 11 Nov. 2015 <​
http://www.history.com/topics/ancient­history/punic­wars​
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