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NASA Electromagnetic Spectrum Video Notes http://missionscience.nasa.gov/ems/emsVideo_01intro.html Electromagnetic Spectrum Introduction: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfXzwh3KadE 1. EMS stands for ______________________________________________ 2. EM waves have _____________________ and ____________________ properties. 3. EM waves travel at the speed ____________________________. 4. Longer EM wave have lower frequencies and less __________________. 5. Objects have color because EM waves interact with the molecules, with some being _________________ and others __________________________. 6. Everything around us __________________, ___________________, and ___________________ EM radiation differently. Radio Waves: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al7sFP4C2TY 7. Guillermo Marconi’s first radio transmissions in 1894 have spread in space at the speed ______________. 8. Radio waves are the _______________ and contain the ________________________ of any electromagnetic wave. 9. Scientists need giant antennas to detect ________________________________ radio waves from space. 10. Astronomical objects that have a ___________________________ usually produce radio waves. 11. Radio waves fill the space around us to bring __________________________, ______________________, and _________________________________. 12. We can’t “hear” these radio waves. The radio ________________________ these electromagnetics radio waves, and then _________________ a speaker to create the sound waves we hear. Microwaves: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgQQb1BVnu8 13. Microwaves can ______________________________, ____________________________________, and ______________________________________________. 14. With wavelengths between _______ cm and _________ mm, they fall between ________________ and _______________. 15. Microwaves are used in weather forecasting in ____________________________________. 16. Different wavelength of microwaves are grouped into bands; _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____. 17. C-band microwaves penetrate through _________, ___________, ____________, _______________, and ____________ to reveal the earth’s surface. 18. L-band microwave are used by _________________________, such as the one in your car. Infrared: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8caGm9Fmh0 19. When you use a remote control, it uses light _________ the visible light we use to see. 20. The region beyond the red region of the visible spectrum was __________ than all the other colors. 21. We can sense some of this infrared energy as ___________. 22. Some objects are so hot, the also emit visible light. Other objects are not as hot and only ___________________. 23. We cannot see these infrared waves with our eyes alone, however, instruments than can sense infrared energy, such as _______________________ or ________________________, allow us to see these infrared waves from warm objects 24. A portion of the solar radiation that is just beyond the visible spectrum is referred to as _________ infrared. Visible Light: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMtC34pzKGc 25. All electromagnetic radiation is ______________. 26. __________________is the only part of the spectrum we can see. 27. Those visible light appears white, it is made up of the individual rainbow colors, ranging from ___________, at 380 nm, to _____________, at 700 nm. 28. Scientists can learn the composition of an atmosphere by considering how atmospheric particles ___________ visible light. 29. Earth’s atmosphere generally looks blue because ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. 30. When the Sun is low in the sky, __________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ and only the longer red and yellow wavelength can pass through. 31. As object grow hotter, they radiate energy with a ________________ wavelength. 32. In the same way, the color of stellar objects tell much about their temperature. Our sun produces more yellow light because of its surface temperature (________ ºC). If it were cooler (__________ºC), it would look ___________, like the stars Antares and Betelgeuse. If the sun were hotter (__________ºC), it would look _________like the star Rigel. Ultraviolet Rays: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QW5zeVy8aE0 33. Just like dogs can hear just outside the range of our hearing, bugs can see just outside the range our eyes can see. A bug zapper emits this _________________ light to attract bugs. 34. The ultraviolet region can be subdivided into three regions, ________, __________, and ____________. 35. ________, long wave ultraviolet is the closest to visible light. _____________ also reaches the Earth’s surface. 36. Shorter wavelengths, called _________ are the harmful rays that cause sunburn. Fortunately _________ of these harmful rays are observed by _____________ in the Earth’s atmosphere. 37. _________ are the shortest and most harmful and are almost completely absorbed by our atmosphere. 38. Young hot stars shine most of their light beyond the visible light spectrum at ultraviolet wavelengths. Scientists need telescopes ___________________________ the Earth’s UV absorbing atmosphere. X-Rays: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCAYcuCWOnM 39. A star explodes in a blinding supernova spraying _____________ across the galaxy to tell its tale. 40. X-rays are ________ energy light waves. 41. In laboratories, scientists fire beams of _________ at unknown substances to learn _________________ _____________________________ and to decode __________________________________________. 42. X-rays can also reveal an object’s _____________________, since __________________________ determines the wavelength of its radiation. 43. X-rays come from objects that seethe at ___________________ degrees. 44. X-rays at different wavelengths provide information about an object’s _________________________, ____________________, ____________________, or its __________________________________. Gamma Rays: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA5SLDiIUWs 45. Created by the hottest, most violent and most energetic objects and events in the universe, __________________ travel across vast stretches of space, only to be absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere. 46. Deadly to humans, gamma rays are created on Earth by natural _____________________________, by _____________________________, and even by ________________________________________. 47. Monitoring these gamma rays provide scientists with an early warning of incoming charged particles that may cause disruptions in ___________ and ____________________networks. 48. The _________ energetic of all EM waves, __________ carry enough energy ____________ living cells. 49. Doctors are able to selectively use gamma radiation to destroy _________________________. 50. Gamma rays stream from ________, ________________, ______________________, and __________ to wash our sky with gamma ray light.