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Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Classification & Treatment Plans Background info. The Client- the person seeking psychological services Prevalence of psychological disorders: 1 in 5 people during 2007 The Clinician- mental health professional Can be a Clinical Psychologist or Psychiatrist Clinical Psychologist- do not have a medical license to administer medical treatment or medications Psychiatrists- can administer medical treatment and medications The DSM-IV The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Published by the American Psychiatric Association Contains descriptions of all psychological disorders, alternatively referred to as mental disorders Concerns in Developing the DSM-IV Reliability Validity Base Rates Social Context The DSM-IV 1952- DSM (aka DSM-I) 1968- DSM-II 1980- DSM-III (more quantitative, objective) 1987- DSM-III-R 1994- DSM-IV 2000- DSM-IV-TR Mental Disorder Clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern Distress or disability Significant risk Not accepted, culturally sanctioned response to a particular event Assumptions of the DSM-IV Classification system based on medical model Descriptive rather than explanatory Atheortical orientation Categorical approach Multiaxial system Neurosis Refers to behavior that involves distressing, unacceptable symptoms that are enduring and lack any physical basis Not a modern diagnostic term Psychosis Refers to various forms of behavior involving a loss of contact with reality, such as delusions (false beliefs) and hallucinations (false perceptions) Not a formal diagnostic category, psychotic is retained in the DSM-IV-TR as a descriptive term Five Axes of the DSM-IV Axis I- Clinical Disorders Axis II- Personality Disorders and Mental Retardation Axis III- General Medical Conditions Axis IV- Psychosocial and Environmental Problems Axis V- Global Assessment of Functioning (helps assess prognosis) Types of Disorders Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders Somatoform Disorders Dissociative Disorders Schizophrenia Childhood Disorders Eating Disorders Sexual Disorders Diagnostic Process Client’s Reported and Observable Symptoms Diagnostic Criteria and Differential Diagnosis Final Diagnosis Case Formulation Cultural Formulation Diagnostic Process Decision Tree- a series of simple yes/no questions in the DSM-IV-TR about a client’s symptoms that lead to a possible diagnosis Differential Diagnosis- ruling out all possible alternative diagnoses Cultural Formulation Culture-Bound Syndromes- particular patterns of behavior in certain cultures, perhaps reflecting cultural themes that date back for centuries Planning Treatment Establish Treatment Goals Immediate Short-Term Long-Term Planning Treatment Determine Treatment Site Psychiatric Hospitals Outpatient Treatment Halfway Houses and Day Treatment Programs Guidance Counselors Employee Assistance Program Treatment Modality Individual Psychotherapy Family Therapy Group Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research evidence and clinical expertise in the context of the client’s… Cultural background Preferences Characteristics Treatment Implementation The Course of Treatment- Clinician’s Role and Client’s Role The Outcome of Treatment