Download CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Manifest Destiny (1821-1853) LESSON 13

CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Manifest Destiny (1821-1853)
LESSON 13-1: Trails West, pgs. 418-423
OBJECTIVE(S): For the student to be able to:
1) identify the reasons why the early pioneers moved west.
2) summarize the challenges people faced in settling the West.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
Jedediah Smith(419)- explorer who opened up the West with the discovery of the South Pass
mountain men(419)- trappers and exploerers who opened up the western pioneer trails
Jim Beckwourth(420)- legendary trapper who explored the West and opened up the fur trade
land speculators(420)- people who buy land in the hope that it will increase in value
Santa Fe Trail(421)- trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico
converts(422)- people who accept a new religious belief
rendezvous(x)- French word meaning "present yourselves"
Oregon Trail(422)- trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory
Mormon(423)- member of the church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830
Brigham Young(423)- Mormon leader who moved his followers to Utah to practice their religion in peace
Complete the following items.
One American's Story and The Early Pioneers
1. List two men from this lesson who would be considered mountain men.
a. Jedediah Smith [419]
...opened a trail west though the Rocky Mountains
b. James Beckworth [420]
...discovered a pass through the Sierra Nevadas (mts.) to Northern California
2. TRUE / FALSE: Land speculators made money by purchasing areas of land and then later selling the land for more
money as people moved into the area. [420]
Settling the West
3. After Mexico became independent of Spain the area was welcoming of American settlers. In what ways did William
Becknell make money off of this policy change?
[421-422] transported goods to sell and later led others settlers into the New Mexican Territory
4. While Becknell headed into the southwest, Marcus and Narissa Whitman traveled in what direction?
[422-423] Whitman's were missionaries that traveled with other settlers into the Oregon Territory in the Northwest;
stories of the amazing land created "Oregon Fever" that brought more settlers to the area in the following years
5. While most Americans were moving west in an attempt to gain wealth, why had the Mormons, led by Brigham
Young, moved west?
[423] escape religious persecution by moving the group out of the United States and into Utah- founder Joseph Smith
had been killed in Illinois; Mormons were disliked for their practice of polygamy and holding shared property
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LESSON 13-2: The Texas Revolution, pgs. 426-431
OBJECTIVE(S): For the student to be able to:
1) identify the changes in Spanish Texas that led up to the Texas Revolution.
2) describe the sequence of events in the Texan's Revolt against Mexico that
resulted in the creation of the Lone Star Republic.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
Tejas(427)- name the Spanish explorers gave present-day Texas
Stephen F. Austin(427)- founded a colony for Americans in Spanish Texas
Tejanos(427)- people of Mexican heritage who consider Texas their home
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna(429)- Mexican president who led an army against Texas
Sam Houston(429)- commander of the Texas army at the Battle of San Jacinto; later elected pres of the Rep. of Texas
Juan Seguin(430)- a Tejano hero of the Texas Revolution
Battle of the Alamo(430)- battle between Texas and Mexico in 1836
annex(431)- join or merge territory into an existing political unit such as a country or state
Lone Star Republic(431)- nickname of the republic of Texas once free from Mexico
Complete the following items.
Native Americans Forced West
1. What European country had Mexico gained it's independence from? Spain [428]
2. Only under what two conditions would the Mexican government to allow Stephen F. Austin to start an American
colony in the Mexican Territory. [428-429]
1) settlers had to become Mexican citizens and
2) settlers had to be members of the Roman Catholic Church
Texans Revolt Against Mexico
3. With Americans outnumbering Mexicans 6 to 1 in the area that would later become Texas, tensions grew for both the
Mexican government and the American settlers. What caused Stephen F. Austin to be jailed for almost a year by the
country's leader General Antonio Lopez Santa Anna? [429]
Santa Anna learned of a letter in which Austin spoke of revolt against Mexico
4. After the Americans in Texas declared Texas a free and independent state, three major battles occur, all in 1836.
Draw lines matching the battles between American settlers and the Mexican government with their outcomes.
[430]
Battle of the Alamo
200 fighters were killed when 1000s of Mexican troops attacked the Alamo mission
[430]
Battle at Goliad
retreating Texan troops are captured by Mexican army; 300 are executed
[431]
Battle of San Jacinto
Santa Anna was trapped by Sam Houston's forces and Texas won its independence
5. After defeating the Mexican army and becoming an independent country, why was Texas not allowed to join the
United States when it initially requested to be annexed into the Union? [431]
concern that Texas would allow slavery and off-set the power of the slave states versus the free states
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LESSON 13-3: The War with Mexico, pgs. 432-437
OBJECTIVE(S): For the students to be able to:
1) summarize America's support for manifest destiny.
2) describe the war with Mexico
3) explain the impact of victory over Mexico.
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
James K. Polk(433)- eleventh president of the United States who was committed to westward expansion
manifest destiny(433)- belief that the United States was meant to expand from coast to coast
Zachary Taylor(435)- U.S. General who lead the battle over the disputed territory of the Rio Grande
Bear Flag Revolt(436)- rebellion by Americans in 1846 against Mexican rule of California
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo(437)- treaty that ended the War with Mexico
Mexican cession(437)- Mexican territory surrendered to the United States at the end of the war with Mexico
Complete the following items.
One American's Story
1. What was a main goal of James Polk when he ran against Henry Clay for president in 1844?
[433] expand American borders
Americans Support Manifest Destiny
2. TRUE / FALSE: Manifest Destiny was the belief that American was meant to expand from coast to coast. [433]
3. TRUE / FALSE: American was able to obtain the Oregon Territory after a long and bloody war with Britain.
[434, territory was peacefully divided between American and Great Britain at the 49th parallel in 1846]
4. TRUE / FALSE: One reason President Polk was willing to work out a deal with the British on Oregon was that
larger problems were formed between Mexico and the United States after the annexation of Texas in 1846. [434]
The War with Mexico
5. TRUE / FALSE: After trying unsuccessfully to purchase the areas American wanted in Mexico, Mexican troops
traveled deep into American land and started an unprovoked battle killing hundreds of American soldiers. [434-435]
President Polk moved troops in an area he knew would come under attack in a disputed area between the borders of
America and Mexico.
6. TRUE / FALSE: With trickery from American General Stephen Kearny and later help from angry settlers (Bear
Flag Revolt), American captured the areas of New Mexico and Northern California relatively easily. [435-436]
7. Though fighting in Mexico was more difficult, seven months later the U.S. army lead by Winfield Scott fought all the
way to Mexico City to win the war. What treaty was later signed giving the United States large portion of what was
previously Mexico - known as the Mexican cession? Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (signed in 1848) [436-437]
8. Along with Texas becoming part of the United States, what river formed the new boundary between Texas and
Mexico? (circle one) Mississippi River
Red River
Rio Grande [437]
Big Sioux
9. America would later (1853) purchase an additional area of Mexico, the Gadsden Purchase. For what reason did
American want this land? [437] to build the transcontinental railroad
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LESSON 13-4: The California Gold Rush, pgs. 438-443
OBJECTIVE(S): For the students to be able to:
1) describe how the discovery of gold changed California
2) explain the final impact of the California Gold Rush
VOCABULARY, TERMS AND NAMES TO UNDERSTAND FOR THIS LESSON:
migration(439)- movement of people from one country or locality to another
James Marshall(439)- carpenter who discovered gold in California in 1848
forty-niner(439)- person who went to California to find gold in 1849
Californios(439)- settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent who populated California
California Gold Rush(439)- migration of thousands of settlers to California in search of gold
Mariano Vallejo(440)- a prosperous Californio who lost a lot of property after American settlement
Complete the following items.
One American's Story and A Discover Changes California
1. What was discovered by James Marshall in 1849 that brought so many settlers "rushing" to California? [439] gold
2. List three ways/routes people could get to California to take part in the "rush." [440]
1. sail 18,000 miles around South America
2. sail to the Isthmus of Panama, cross overland, get on a boat on the Pacific side, then sail to CA
3. take an overland route using emigrant trails across the United States
3. TRUE / FALSE: Only American settlers were allowed to travel to California since this area was part of the America.
[440, 2/3 white American males, also Blacks, Native Americans, Mexicans, South Americas, Australians, Chinese...]
4. List at least three problems that miners faced in the mining camps in California. [440]
1.
2.
3.
5. List three ways the "rush" changed California. [441]
1. by 1849 California had enough people (60,000+ required - had 250,000) to become a "free" state in 1850 [441]
2. dominant culture in California changes from Spanish to American [441]
3. Native Americans in California lost their land and died from disease [442]
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