Download class: 9 question diversity in livin ss: 9 question

CLASS: 9th
QUESTION-ANSWER
DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS
PART-2
Q1: Name the organisms which are outside the classification.
Answer: Viruses and Prions.
Q2: According to the five-kingdom system, which kingdom contains organisms whose
structure is composed of prokaryotic cells?
Answer: Kingdom Monera.
Q3: Blue green algae are classified with bacteria and placed in kingdom Monera.
Answer: Blue green algae or Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria but they are placed under
kingdom Monera because:

they are unicellular.

they show prokaryotic morphological structure i.e. not well defined nucleus
Q4: (a) What are saprophytes?
(b) Name the kingdom to which they belong.
(c) What is the cell wall of fungi made up of?or
Q5: How do the saprophytes get their food? Give two examples of a saprophyte.
Answer: (a) Saprophytes are the organisms which use use decaying organic material as food.
Examples are: Rhizopus, yeast, mushrooms, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Agaricus.
(b) They belong to kingdom Fungi.
(c) They have cell-walls made of a tough complex sugar called chitin.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 1
Lichens
credits:wikipedia
Q6: What is Symbiotic? Give example of organisms which exhibit this relationship.
Answer: Some fungal species live in mutually dependent relationship with blue green algae.
Such
relationships are called symbiotic. These symbiobic life forms are called lichens. In lichens, the
fungal component is called the mycobiont and the algal component is known as the phycobiont.
Q7: Classify the following organisms into their respective kingdoms as per Whittaker's
five-kingdom system.
humans, mushroom, herbs, amoeba, E.coli, euglena, mold, birds, insects, bushes, paramecium,
trees, dogs, streptococcus.
Answer:
Kingdom Monera: E.coli, streptococcus (bacteria)
Kingdom Protista: amoeba, euglena, paramecium
Kingdom Fungi: mushroom, mold,
Kingdom Plantae: herbs, bushes, trees
Kingdom Animalia: humans, birds, insects, dogs
Q8.What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
Answer: Major division in kingdom Plantae are:
o
Thallophyta
o
Bryophyta
o
Pteridophyta
o
Gymnosperms
o
Angiosperms
The division is based on the following features:
1
The first level of classification among plants depends on whether plant body is well
differentiated or not.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 2
2
The next level of classification is based on whether the differentiated body has special
vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water and other substances.
3
Further classification is based on the ability to bear seeds and
4
Further it is classified whether the seeds are naked or enclosed within fruits.
Classification of Plants
Spirogyra
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 3
Q9: Give examples of Thallophyta plants.
Answer: Algae : Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora and Chara
Q10: Why are Thallophytes called non-embryonic plants?
Answer: Thallophytes have simple body (thallus) and their gametes are unicellular. After
fertilization the zygote does not form embryo. Therefore these plants are called anon-embryonic
plants.
Q11: Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?
Answer: Thallophyta division.
Q12: What is a thallus?
Answer: Thallophyte has a simple plant body. The Plant body is not differentiated into root, stem
and leaves and is called thallus.
Q13: Why bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?
Answer: Bryophytes are known as 'amphibians of the plant kingdom' because these plants can
live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.Usually they are found in humid
and damp areas.
Red Moss
(wiki)
Q14: List important characteristics (at least three) of bryophytes.
Answer: Characteristics of bryophytes:
1).
Plant body is differentiated to form stem and leaf like structures.
2).
These are considered first true plants.
3).
These are called amphibians of the plants since they live in soil and water both.
4).
There is no specialised tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one
part of the plant body to another (no vascular system).
5).
An embryo is formed upon fertilization. Water is necessary for fertilization.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 4
Moss in dense forest
credits:wikipedia
Q15: Give examples of bryophytes.
Answer: Funaria (moss) and Marchantia (liverwort)
Marchantia (liverwort)
Q16: What are the uses of bryophytes?
Answer: Bryophytes have good water holding capacity, therefore these are used in horticulture.
They are used in medicines, construction material, smoke filters etc.
Q17: How are Pteridophytes' bodies organised?
Answer: The plant body a Pteridophyte is differentiated into roots, stem and leaves and has a
simple vasuclar system for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the
plant body to another.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 5
Marsilea (Pteridophyte)
image credits:wikicommons and University of Ovideo
Q18: How do thallophytes and pteridophytes differ from each other? Write two
differences.
Answer:
Num.
Thallophytes
Pteridophytes
Plant body is differentiated into root,
stems and leaves.
1.
Plant body is not well differentiated.
2.
No vascular system present for
Simpler vascular system present for
conduction of water and food substances. conduction of water and substances.
3.
Mostly aquatic (algae)
Mostly land plants
4.
Spirogyra, Chara etc.
Ferns, Marsilea etc.
Q19: Name the plants that are called "First vascular land plants".
Answer: Pteridophytes.
Q20: On what basis plants are divided into two sub-kingdoms?
Answer: Whether the reproductive organs are conspicuous (clearly visible) or not, based on this
plants are divided into two sub-kingdoms i.e.

Cryptogamae: Non flowering or seedless plants. Includes Thallophytes, bryophytes and
pteridophytes.

Phanerogamae: Flowering plants. Includes Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 6
Q21: How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?
Answer:
Num.
Pteridophytes
Phanerograms
1.
Have inconspicuous reproductive
organs.
Well differentiated reproductive parts.
2.
Produce naked embryos called
spores.
Produce seeds.
3.
Simple Vascular System
Highly differentiated vascular system
4.
Examples: Marsilea, Adiantum etc.
Examples: Pine, Cycas, Deodar, Sunflower,
Maize etc.
Q22: How Phanerograms are divided further chiefly?
Answer: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Q23: What are naked-seeded plants are called?
Answer: Gymnosperms.
Q24: Give two examples of Gymnosperms.
Answer: Pines and Deaodar.
Q25: Define Cryptograms.
Answer:
1. Cryptograms are plants with hidden (inconspicuous) reproductive organs.
2. The thallophytes, the bryophytes and the pteridophytes collectively called
cryptograms.
3. External flowers or seeds are absent and they have naked embryos called spores.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 7
Q26: How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?
Answer:
Num.
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
1.
Naked seed i.e. seeds not enclosed within
fruit.
Seeds are enclosed with fruit walls
(coltyledons).
2.
Flowers are represented as unisexual cones
which produce spores.
Microspores are anthers while
megaspores are ovules.
3.
Ovules not located in ovary
Ovules present inside ovary.
4.
Examples: Pines, Cycas, Deodar etc.
Examples: Sunflower, Maize, Wheat,
Pea, bean etc.
Q27: How Angiosperms are divided further?
Answer: Angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons
present in the seed.

Monocotyledonous or monocots: These are the plants with seeds having a single
cotyledon, e.g. maize, wheat, rice, etc.

Dicotyledonous or dicots: These are plants with seeds having two cotyledons, e.g. pea,
gram, bean, etc.
Q28: Write the diffenences between monocots and dicots.
Answer:
-
Monocots
Dicots
Cotyledons
One Cotyledon
Two Cotyledons
Veins in leaves
Usually Parallel
Generally netlike
Flower Parts
In general multiple
of three
In fours or five
Scattered
In a ring
Arrangement of primary
vascularbundles
in stem
Q29: What are the general characteristics found in all animals?
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 8
Answer: General characteristics found in all animals are:
1. All animals are multi-cellular, eukaryotic and heterotrophic.
2. All animals exhibit locomotion.
3. Most of the animals have sense organs and nervous system.
4. Nutrition is generally ingestive.
5. Reproduction is generally sexual.
Kindom Animalia is divided into nine phyla
Q30: In how many Phyla, the animal kingdom is divided into?
Answer: Kindom Animalia is divided into nine phyla i.e.
1. Porifera (sponges)
2. Coelentrata (jellyfishes, corals...)
3. Platyhelminthes (flat worms)
4. Nematoda (round worms)
5. Annelida (earthworms)
6. Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crabs etc.)
7. Mollusca (snails, oysters etc.)
8. Echinodermata (starfishes, sea urchins etc.)
9. Chordata (animals with backbone)
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 9
Q31: Name the phylum to which the following are included.
(i) Spider
(ii) Cockroach
(iii) Prawn
(iv) Housefly
Answer: Arthopada
Q32: Write two important characteristics of sponges (Phylum: Porifera)
Answer: Important characteristics of sponges are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
simplest multi-cellular animals.
most of them are marine except spongilla which is fresh water.
non-motile and attached to support
organisms with holes or ‘pores’, all over the body with canal systems.
canal system of the body helps in circulating water throughout the body to bring in food
and
oxygen.
6. animals are covered with a hard outside layer or skeleton.
7. body design involves very minimal differentiation and division into tissues.
Spongilla (freshwater)
credits:wikicommons
Q33: What is osculum?
Answer: The body of sponge is porous and the pores are called ostia. Single large opening or
pore is
called the osculum.
Q34: Do sponges have nervous system?
Answer: No
Q35: Give examples of Porifera or Sponges.
Answer: Euplectelia, Sycon, Spongilla
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 10
Q36: Identify the phylum having following characteristics: multi-cellular, radially
symmetrical, aquatic, hollow gut.
Answer: Phylum Coelenterata
Q37: What are four main features of phylum coelenterata?
Answer: Main features of phylum coelenterata:
1. Aquatic habitat (marine + freshwater)
2. radially symmetrical
3. Show more body design differentiation.
4. Sac-like body cavity (coelenteron) with a single opening to the outside for
ingestion and egestion.
5. First of multicellular animals which possess tissue level organisation with a
distinct division of labour.
6. Body wall made up of two layers (diploblastic), of which outer is called ectoderm
and inner is endoderm. Between these two layers found jelly like substance mesoglea.
7. Surrounding the mouth tentacles are found, that helps in locomotion and to catch
the prey.
8. Some of the species live in colonies (corals), while others have a solitary life-span
(Hydra).
Q38: 'Animals belong to phylum coelenterata are diploblastic.' What do you mean by the
term diploblastic?
Answer: Diploblastic means animals having two germ layers. Body walls of animals of phylum
coelenterata are made up of two layers, of which outer is called ectoderm and inner is endoderm.
Between these two layers found jelly like substance mesoglea.
Q39: Label A to H in the given diagram of hydra.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 11
Answer:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Tentacles
Mouth
Stinging cells
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Endoderm
Body Cavity
Foot
Q40: Which animal phylum is commonly called as flatworms?
Answer: Platyhelminthes (Platy = flat, helminth = worms)
Q41: Which animal phylum is considered to be first triploblastic animals?
Answer: Platyhelminthes. Animals of this phylum are the first simplest triploblastic animals.
They have three layers i.e. endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 12
Fresh water Planaria
Q42: Write important features about Phylum Platihelminthes.
Answer:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mostly parasitic
First simplest triploblastic animals i.e. having three layers of body cells.
Bilaterally symmetrical
No true internal body cavity or coelom
Body is dorsoventrally flattened
Examples: Planaria, Liverfluke, Tapeworm
Q43: How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Answer:
Num.
Poriferan Animals
Coelentrate Animals
1.
Cellular level organization.
Tissue level organization.
2.
Mostly marine and non-motile.
Aquatic either soliary life or colonial life.
3.
Examples: Spongilla, Euplectelia etc. Examples: Hydra, sea anemones, corals etc.
Q44: Which phylum is commonly called roundworms or pinworms?
Answer: Nematoda or Aschelminthes
Q45: Give examples of animals belong to Nematoda.
Answer: Ascaris (intestinal roundworm), Wuchereria (filarial worm), Enterobium (pinworm).
Q46: Name a parasitic disease caused by members of Nematoda.
Answer: Elephantiasis caused by filarial worms (Wuchereri).
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 13
Q47: Name the first animals (phylum) that have true body cavity.
Answer: Annelida
Q48: Leeches and Earthworms belong to which phylum?
Answer: Annelida
Q49: Differentiate between Annelida and Nematode.
Answer:
Num.
Nematoda
Annelida
1.
Tissues but no real organs.
True organs packaged in body
structure.
2.
Body Cavity is not true coelom
(pseudocoelom)
True body Cavity
3.
Body is cylindrical
Body is segmented.
4.
e.g. Ascaris, Wucharia
e.g. Leeches, Earthworms, Nereis
Q50: Name the largest group (phylum) of animals.
Answer: Arthropoda (animals with jointed legs). It includes nearly 9 million species.
Arthropoda largest Phylum
(credits: wikimedia)
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 14
Q51: Give examples of Arthropod animals.
Answer: Prawns, butterflies, houseflies, spiders, scorpions and crabs etc.
Q52: What is the most striking feature of phylum Arthropoda?
Answer: Species of phylum Arthopoda have jointed legs and a pair of compound eye on the
head.
Q53: How is body of Arthropods segmented?
Answer: Arthropods have segmented and bilaterally symmetrical body which is divided into
three regions:

head

thorax

abdomen
Q54: What is the type of circulatory system present in Arthropods?
Answer: There is an open circulatory system. The blood does not flow in well defined blood
vessels. The coelomic cavity is blood-filled called "haemocoel".
Q55: How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?
Answer:
Num.
Annelids
Arthropods
1.
True body cavity called coelem
Blood filled body cavity called haemocoel.
2.
Lateral appendages for locomotion.
Jointed legs for locomotion
3.
Closed circulatory system
Open circulatory System.
4.
Body is soft, there is no hard skeleton
Hard Exoskeleton made up of chitin
5.
Body is segmented both externally and
internally (septa)
e.g. Body is externally divided but not
internally by septa.
6.
e.g. Leech, earthworms etc.
e.g. Insects, spiders, prawns etc.
Q56: Give examples of animals that belong to Phylum Mollusca.
Answer: Chiton, Octopus, Pila, Unio
Q57: What kind of circulatory system is found in animals from Mollusca phylum?
Answer: Open circulatory system
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 15
Octopus
credits:wikipedia
Q58: How is locomotion brought in animals belonging to Mollusca phylum?
Answer: Animals of Mollusca are soft bodied and locomotion is brought about by muscular foot.
Q59: Name the phylum to which Start fish and Sea urchin belong to?
Answer: Phylum Echinodermata
Q60: Name the phylum to which this organism belongs. Write any two characteristic
feature of the phylum.
Answer: The organism is octopus which belongs to phylum Mollusca.
Characteristic features of Mollusca are:
1. They have an open circulatory system and kidney-like organs for excretion.
2. The coelomic cavity is reduced
3. There is a foot that is used for moving around.
Q61: What is a notochord? What does it do?
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 16
Answer: The notochord is a long rod-like support structure (chord=string) which runs along the
back of the animal separating the nervous tissue from the gut. It provides a place for muscles to
attach for ease of movement.
Q62: Give examples of organisms which belong to Phylum Protochordata.
Answer: Balanoglossus,Herdmania and Amphioxus
Q63: List three important characteristics of Phylum Protochordata.
Answer: Important characteristics of Phylum Protochordata are:

Marine animals, triploblastic and have coelem.

Notochord is present at some stages of life.

Bilaterally symmetrical.
Q64: Why are Bats and whales classified as mammals?
Answer: Because bats and whales have four chambered heart.
Q65: A plant specimen was found without differentiated roots.
(a) Which plant structure helps in attaching this plant to the substratum?
(b) To which group you will keep this plant?
(c) Which plant could it be?
Answer: (a) Rhizoids
(b) Thallophyta
(c) Moss
JAIPUR EDUCATION PLUS
Page 17