Download Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)

Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
Photo: Ben Legler
Photo: Hannah Marx
Lilium columbianum
Photo: Hannah Marx
Xerophyllum tenax
Trillium ovatum
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Fritillaria lanceolata
Ref.1
Textbook DVD
KRR&DLN
Erythronium americanum
Allium vineale
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
Herbs;
Ref.2
Stems often modified as underground rhizomes,
corms, or bulbs;
Flowers actinomorphic;
3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals,
6 stamens,
3 carpels,
ovary superior (or inferior).
Tulipa gesneriana
Liliaceae s.l. (Lily family)
“Liliaceae” s.l. (sensu lato: “in the broad sense”) - Lily family;
288 genera/4950 species, including Lilium, Allium, Trillium, Tulipa;
This family is treated in a very broad sense in this class, as in the Flora of the
Pacific Northwest. The “Liliaceae” s.l. taught in this class is not monophyletic.
It is apparent now that the family should be treated in a narrower sense and
some of the members should form their own families. Judd et al. recognize 15+
families: Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amarylidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae,
Colchicaceae, Dracaenaceae (Nolinaceae), Hyacinthaceae, Liliaceae,
Melanthiaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae, Themidaceae, Trilliaceae,
Uvulariaceae and more!!! (see web reading “Consider the Lilies”)
Iridaceae (Iris family)
Photo: Hannah Marx
Iris pseudacorus
Photo: Hannah Marx
Iridaceae (Iris family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Sisyrinchium douglasii
Sisyrinchium sp.
Iridaceae (Iris family)
Iridaceae - 78 genera/1750 species,
Including Iris, Gladiolus, Sisyrinchium.
Herbs, aquatic or terrestrial;
Underground stems as rhizomes, bulbs, or
corms;
Ref.3
Gladiolus italicus
Leaves alternate, 2-ranked and equitant
(oriented edgewise to the stem;
Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic;
3 sepals and 3 petals or 6 tepals;
Stamens 3;
Ovary of 3 fused carpels, inferior.
Araceae (Arum family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Lysichitum americanum
Textbook DVD KRR
Monstera deliciosa
Araceae (Arum family)
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Spadix: Spike with a thickened, fleshy axis,
as characteristic of members of the Araceae.
Spike: Simple, indeterminate inflorescence with a
single axis bearing sessile flowers.
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Spike
Arisaema triphyllum
Araceae (Arum family)
complete - all four whorls present
incomplete - one or more whorls
missing
perfect - both reproductive whorls
present; bisexual
imperfect - one reproductive
whorl missing; unisexual
monoecious - plants with
imperfect (unisexual) flowers, in
which both sexes are on the same
plant
dioecious - plants with imperfect
(unisexual) flower, in which each
sex is on a separate plant
Polygamous - plants with both
perfect (bisexual) and imperfect
(unisexual) flowers on the same
plant
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Arisaema triphyllum
Araceae (Arum family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Doug Ewing, our greenhouse manager,
holding an Amorphophallus plant
Ref.4
Amorphophallus titanium
Araceae (Arum family)
Araceae - 109 genera/2830 species, Including Lysichitum (skunk cabbage),
Amorphophyllus (corpse flower).
Herbs (some epiphytes), mostly tropical;
Leaves simple to compound;
Inflorescence consisting of
spathe - large leaf-like to petal-like bract subtending the flowers
spadix- axis on which the flowers are borne
often with a sterile extension towards the tip called an “appendix”
Flowers unisexual (sometimes bisexual)
monoecious or dioecious;
if monoecious, males flowers above, female flowers below
Fetid odor;
Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
lobellum
Nctar spur
Bulbophyllum echinolabium
Lobellum: “Lip” of an orchid perianth; the adaxial member of the inner whorl of perianth parts (but
due to rotation of the flower, at anthesis usually placed as the lowermost perianth part), and differentiated
from the other perianth parts in size, form, and/or coloration.
Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Textbook DVD KRR&DLN
Bletilla striata
Column: structure formed by the fused style and stigma plus stamens of orchids.
Pollinium (pl. pollinia): mass of pollen grains transported as a unit, as in many Orchidaceae plants.
Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
These images are all from the same source, ref.6
Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
5 minutes later
Mass of pollen grains (pollinia)
transported as a unit by pollinators
-all or nothing! to fertilize all eggs
in another flower.
Photo: Yaowu Yuan
Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)
Textbook DVD DLN
Epidendrum radiatum
Epiphytic plants: plants that are supported by some structure other than
their own stem (usually other plants).
Pseudobulb: thickened internode on the stem of many epiphytic orchids .
Orchidaceae (epiphytic adaptation)
Modifications for drought resistance:
-Pseudobulb, store water and nutrients;
-The thickened aerial roots strongly
mycorrhizal (mutualism with fungi),
often covered with a velamen that absorbs
water from air.
-Sunken stomata on leaves, allow CO2 in and
O2 out but little H2O out.
-Thick waxy cuticle (waxy surface covering
plant to prevent water loss).
Velamen: a spongy multi-layered epidermis that covers the roots of many epiphytic orchids.
Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
Orchidaceae - 775 genera/19,5000 species.
Perhaps the family with the largest number of species (20,000 - 45, 000);
Many tropical epiphytic orchid species probably still unknown;
Often very close association with insect pollinator – tight co-evolution.
Herbs, terrestrial or epiphytic (all terrestrial in PNW);
Flowers zygomorphic,
petals 3, one modified as a “labellum”; sepals 3, one may have a spur;
pollen aggregated into pollinia;
style, stigma, and stamens fused to form the column;
ovary inferior.
Seeds minute, without endosperm, require a fungal partner to germinate
successfully and for continued growth. Each ovary has 1000s of ovules;
Monocots vs. Dicots
Ref.7
Phylogeny of angiosperms
Angiosperm
s
ico
ts
ot
oc
Eu
d
on
M
Am
bo
rel
la
Ny
mp
ha
ea
Au
les
str
ob
ail
ey
ale
M
s
ag
no
lii
ds
s
“Basal angiosperm”
Parallel venation
scattered vascular
bundles
1 cotyledon
Tricolpate pollen
After Jansen et al., 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 19369-19374
Image Source
Ref.1 http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php
Ref.2 http://www.freefoto.com/images/12/61/12_61_52---Tulip_web.jpg
Ref.3 http://www.maltawildplants.com/IRID/Pics/GLDIT/GLDIT-Gladiolus_italicus_t.jpg
Ref.4 http://www.mimifroufrou.com/scentedsalamander/images/corpseflower.jpg
Ref.5 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/2153/littleorchid.jpg
Ref.6 http://weesc.com/LS_hybridisation.html
Ref.7 http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week8/dicotmonocot.gif
Ref.8 http://www.botany.unibe.ch/paleo/pollen_e/images/jpeg/rem/Acer_campestre_zpIII18_9.jpg