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21.2 Characteristics of Stars Classifying Stars Learning Target: I can ___________________________________________ Key Concept: Characteristics used to classify stars include _________, ________________, _________, ______________, and ______________. A star’s ________ gives clues about the star’s temperature. The coolest stars appear ________. The hottest stars appear ________. Very large stars are called ________ stars or ____________ stars. Our sun is a medium sized ________. Most stars are ________ than the sun. White dwarf stars are about the size of ________. Neutron stars are even ___________, only about 20 km in diameter. Stars differ in their chemical makeup. Most stars are about ____% hydrogen, ____% helium, and ____% other elements. Astronomers use a spectrograph, a device that breaks light into ________, to find out what elements are in a star. By comparing a star’s spectrum with known elements, astronomers can infer how much of each ________ is in the star. Use the ideas above and your textbook to answer the following questions: 1. Five characteristics astronomers use to classify stars are: ___________________________________________________________ 2. Stars that appear red are very ________. 3. Stars that appear blue are very ________. 4. The smallest stars in our universe are called ___________ _______. 5. Our sun is a ___________ size star. 6. Most stars have a chemical composition that is 73% _____________, 25% ____________ and 2% ________________ 7. A device that breaks light into colors is called a ______________________. Spectral Class Surface Temperature (K) Color Examples O >30,000 Violet-blue Naos Mintaka B 10,000-30,000 Blue Spica Rigel A 7,500-10,000 White Vega Sirius F 6,000-7,500 Yellow-white Canopus Procyon G 5,000-6,000 Yellow Sun Capella K 3,500-5,000 Orange Arcturus Albederan M 3,500 Red Antares Betelgeuse