Download Lesson 07.02 Lesson Tab (Page 2 of 4) Think about the different

Lesson 07.02
Lesson Tab (Page 2 of 4)
Think about the different theories proposed by early political geographers. Answer the following questions
about the theories in your Geo Journal.



Which of the three theories do you think is most persuasive? What examples from history or
current events would support the theory?
What has changed in the world since these theories were first developed that might minimize the
impact of location as a source of power?
Which do you think has more influence on a state’s power: resources, land size, or location?
Explain.
These questions do not have a right or wrong answer. If possible, talk to a classmate or family member to
share your ideas and find out how they would respond to the questions.
Lesson 07.03
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
To help you refine your skills in understanding the impact a state’s shape has on governability,
infrastructure, and economy, it may be helpful to analyze a few examples on your own. Below you will see
five descriptions of states. Select two of the descriptions. Use the information presented to analyze the
country in the following ways:


Identify its shape.
Identify any positive or negative effects of the state’s geography, including shape, on
governability, economy, and infrastructure.
Write your conclusions in your Geo Journal. Begin by identifying the state you selected, and then present
your analysis. You will discuss your analysis with your instructor in your next Discussion-Based
Assessment.
State A
State B
State C
The country is a microstate that is completely landlocked. Its dimensions are
29 miles long and 9 miles width with a total of 268 square miles in total
land area. It is completely surrounded by one other state. The culture within
the state is uniform and is similar to that of the surrounding land. It is rich in
oil resources and is an international financial center.
The country is an archipelago, which is a group of many islands in a large
body of water. The country is made up of three islands, but the government
has made a claim on a fourth island. The native population of the fourth
island is resisting the country’s claim. The territory stretches 120 miles from
north to south. The country’s land area is a total of 719 square miles It is
located in the Indian Ocean and claims 120 square miles of territorial
waters. It has three distinct cultures: the local culture, Arabic, and French. It
has a dispute with France over the control of one of the islands it claims. It
has few natural resources and a very small army.
The country covers 295,424 square miles and has an extension reaching
north to a lake. It has a coast that borders the ocean. It borders six other
nations. It has eight ethnic groups. It is rich in oil deposits.
The country extends 1,089 miles north to south, and its width is 267 miles.
The total land area is 125,182 square miles. Mountains cover two-thirds of
the land. It borders three other states. It has a western edge on a seacoast.
There are three ethnic groups within its borders. It is rich in oil deposits.
The country extends 2,731 miles from north to south and is 2,684 miles
wide. It has 3,486,470 square miles of total land area. It has an eastern
seacoast. Eight nations border it. There are six ethnic groups within its
borders. It has vast supplies of oil and agricultural products.
State D
State E
Lesson 07.05
Assignment Tab
Read the following questions. Choose two of the prompts from the list and write a response to the prompts
in a Geo Journal entry.

In this lesson, you were introduced to the quote “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” Do
you think that one of today’s states could establish a vast empire like the British created in the
19th and 20th centuries? Support your response by identifying at least three factors in today’s
world that would either allow or prevent a modern-day imperialist movement that rivals 19th and
20th century imperialism. Remember to support your ideas with factual evidence.

Study the political cartoon below and then respond to the following questions: What groups are
represented in the political cartoon? How is the political cartoon related to the idea of
imperialism? What message might the artist hope to send about the groups depicted in the
cartoon? How do you know? Do you agree with the viewpoint of the artist? Why or why not?
Imagine that a political geographer makes the following remark: “Imperialism is a positive force.”
How would you respond to this comment? Be sure to approach this question from a human
geographer’s perspective and support your ideas with factual evidence.

Lesson 07.07
Lesson Tab (Page 3 of 4)
Think about what you have learned about al-Qaeda as a global network. In a Geo Journal article, respond to
the following questions:


Why is terrorism hard for states to contain?
What would or should be the starting point for a state trying to fight terrorism?
Assignment Tab
Read the following questions. Choose two of the prompts from the list and write a response to the prompts
in a Geo Journal entry.




Imagine that a friend says, “Terrorism has nothing to do with geography.” Write a response to
your friend in which you help him or her see the link between terrorism and geography. Be sure to
use specific examples to support your response.
Al-Qaeda is one of the most threatening global terrorist groups in the world. How does a terrorist
group operate on a global level? How might it acquire the physical and human resources it needs
to carry out tasks? Why is it difficult for states to fight against a global terrorist group?
Imagine that you have been chosen to give a lecture on the topic “Terrorist Individuals and
Terrorist Groups—How Do They Compare?” Write a brief response to the question that would
help you give a lecture on the topic. Explain how terrorist individuals are similar and different.
Consider the scale at which individuals and groups operate, their motives and goals, and their
likely targets.
The threat of terror on today’s world has inspired diplomacy and cooperation among many of the
world’s states. Why is it necessary for multiple states to join forces to fight terrorism? Describe
two ways in which states have used diplomacy or cooperation to fight against terrorism.
Lesson 07.08
Lesson Tab (Page 2 of 5)
View the Discovery Education video to learn more about NATO. It is important to keep in mind that the
views on NATO, the Cold War experience, and communism are expressed from the U.S. perspective. As
you watch the video, consider the following questions:



What is the significance of the video’s title, “A New World Order”? Why was the period
following World War II considered a new world order for the United States?
What factors led the United States to establish its presence all around the world? What impact did
this presence have on communism?
What events led the United States to establish a diplomatic alliance during peacetime? What were
the benefits or drawbacks of entering this type of alliance?
After watching the video, record your responses to the questions above in a Geo Journal entry.
Lesson 07.08
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 5)
Imagine that a new state has been created in South America, and you are its leader. You have a relatively
large state with a stable population and economy. Your country is one of the most economically developed
countries in the region. One of your first duties as leader is to decide whether your state will become a part
of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Before you can decide, you first plan to learn more
about UNASUR so you can make an informed decision. As you study UNASUR, you make the following
discoveries:



One of the alliance’s main goals is to establish a single currency, a free-trade zone throughout the
continent, and a highway that runs from the Pacific Ocean on the west coast to the Atlantic Ocean
on the east coast. If the alliance succeeds in achieving this goal, then South America will have
formed its own version of the European Union, which means South American states may begin to
feel some of the same economic prosperity as the states in the EU.
The alliance established the Bank of the South. The main purpose of the bank is to provide
funding for initiatives and projects that attempt to improve the scientific and technological
advancements in the region. The bank’s headquarters is in Venezuela, and branches are found in
Bolivia and Argentina.
The alliance allows for the free movement of people in the region. Citizens can move from
country to country without visas as long as the stay is 90 days or less. Some countries like Brazil
have established temporary residency policies that allow people from other countries in the region
to come to Brazil to live and work for an extended period. Currently, Brazil extends this policy to
five states—: Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile.
In this Geo Journal activity, you will consider the possible positive and negative effects of your state
joining UNASUR. You may wish to conduct additional research about UNASUR using a reliable online
source to help you draw conclusions. Use what you have learned about the effects of alliances to respond to
the following questions in your Geo Journal:


What benefits might your country receive from joining the alliance?
How might joining the alliance negatively affect your country?
After weighing the potential benefits and disadvantages of joining the alliance, would you decide to vote to
join the alliance? Why or why not?
Lesson 08.01
Lesson Tab (Page 1 of 3)
You may be surprised to learn that Earth is still home to groups of hunter-gatherers today. A tiny fraction
of the human population living in isolated regions of inner Australia, Africa, South America, and the Arctic
Circle continue to rely on hunting and gathering to survive. View the following Discovery Education video
to learn more about one of the last hunter-gatherer societies in the world today—the Hadza people of
Tanzania.
Hadza People in Tanzania (2:23).
After viewing the video, respond to the following questions in a Geo Journal entry:


Why do you think the practice of hunting and gathering has become rare in today’s society? Think
about the region in which you live and compare your community to the Hadzas’s community.
How did hunting and gathering pave the way for the development of agriculture?
Lesson 08.05
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
Now that you have considered the model from its historical context, what do you think?
Is this model still applicable today?
You may need to consult one or more of the following resources to find information to help you complete
this Geo Journal activity. For example, you might consult an online atlas, almanac, or real estate ads or
brochures. The U.S. Census Bureau produces agricultural maps for each state. You may wish to find a map
online to locate the activities closest to your communities.
You may also want to pay attention to food products at your local markets. Think about whether the
different products at your local market come from local, regional, national, or international sources.
Write your responses to the following questions in your Geo-Journal:







Identify the market (city or major town) closest to you.
As you travel away from the market, which types of agricultural activities are in closest
proximity?
How far do you have to travel from the major market or city to encounter market- gardening or
dairy farming?
Do real estate values increase or decrease the farther you travel away from the market? You may
wish to check print or online newspapers to look up the value of land and homes surrounding your
community.
Identify the market (city or major town) closest to you.
Where do the foods at your local market originate from?
As you reflect about the proximity of different types of agricultural activities to your community,
you may notice several factors that contradict von Thünen’s model. Perhaps your grocery stores
import produce from other states and countries rather than use local growers. There may be smallscale ranches in the midst of commercial grain regions or other activities. What if the main market
is surrounded by non-agricultural activities? Does this mean von Thünen’s model is outdated?
Lesson 08.06
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
While there are significant controversies surrounding GMOs, there are also extreme benefits. The use of
GMOs to combat food shortages and hunger around the world has helped improve the quality of life for
many of the world’s people. View the following Discovery Education video to learn more about the future
of the world with and without genetic modification.
The Future of World Hunger with and without Genetic Modification (3:47)
After you have viewed the video and considered the positive and negative arguments about GMOs
presented on this screen, think about which arguments you support and which ones you reject. In a Geo
Journal article, write a short paragraph that explains your position about GMOs. Do you support their use
or reject their use? Why or why not? Your response to this question will help prepare you for your lesson
assessment.
Lesson 09.01
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
In this Geo Journal activity, you will consider how industrialization and deindustrialization have been
similar and different in Europe, North America, and Asia. Review the information about the development
of industrialization throughout the lesson. Consider the cultural, political, and physical differences among
the three regions. Also consider the differences in technology and transportation that have shaped the
ability of people to move ideas and goods around the globe. Then answer the questions below in your Geo
Journal.



Why were Europe and North America industrial hubs in the 19th and 20th centuries? Why is East
Asia an industrial hub today?
In what way did the process of industrialization in East Asia mirror that of industrialization in
Europe and North America?
What comparative advantages does each region have in industrialization? Are any of these
advantages more valuable than others?
What predictions can you make about the long-term industrialization process in East Asia? What global
regions might emerge to compete with this region in the future?
Lesson 09.04
Lesson Tab (Page 2 of 4)
In this Geo Journal activity, you will apply Rostow’s model to a country that is in the process of developing
economically. Study the information about Nigeria given in the table below. You may also wish to conduct
independent research using reliable Internet resources, such as government or academic websites.
Date of Independence
GDP (2009)
October 1, 1960; under British rule 1800–1960
$339 billion; approximately 29.5% of GDP comes from foreign direct
investment
Primary economic activities
Agriculture 33%, industry 34%, services 23%
(2009)
Oil and natural gas (37% of 2006 GDP), tin, columbite, iron ore, coal,
Natural resources
limestone, lead, zinc
Cocoa, palm oil, yams, cassava, sorghum, millet, corn, rice, livestock,
Agricultural products
groundnuts, cotton
Textiles, cement, food products, footwear, metal products, lumber, beer,
Industrial products
detergents, car assembly
$65.5 billion: fuels and mining products (97%); agricultural products
Exports (2007)
(cocoa, rubber, oil, nuts) (2.2%); manufactures (0.8%)
$29.5 billion: machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, and manufactured
Imports (2007)
goods (72.3%); agricultural products (23.7%), fuels and mining products
(4%)
European Union, United States, India, China, Brazil
Main trade partners
Think about how Rostow’s model applies to Nigeria. Then answer the questions below in your Geo
Journal.





In which stage on Rostow’s ladder of development is Nigeria’s economy? What factors led you to
that conclusion?
Does Nigeria’s development up to this point seem to follow Rostow’s model of modernization?
Why or why not?
In what ways does Rostow’s model accurately describe Nigerian economic activities? In what
ways does it fail to accurately describe Nigerian economic activities?
In which areas would you predict Nigeria’s economy is likely to experience the most growth over
the next few decades? How do your predictions confirm or challenge the ideas given in Rostow’s
model?
Based on your observations and conclusions, is Rostow’s model of modernization a good
economic development? What factors led you to that conclusion?
Lesson 09.05
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 5)
Are outsourcing and offshoring positive or negative practices? The answer all depends on where you live
and how the practices directly affect your life. For example, offshoring is likely viewed in a positive light
in India, where citizens receive more employment opportunities and the Indian economy is growing.
However, in the United States, where some people are losing their jobs as a result of businesses moving to
foreign countries, offshoring may be viewed negatively. View the following Discovery Education videos to
see two perspectives on outsourcing and offshoring.
The Future of America in the Face of Outsourcing 3:17
Moving American Jobs to China 5:17
In a Geo Journal entry, summarize the positive and negative effects of outsourcing and offshoring. Explain
how citizens in developed and developing countries might view these practices.
Lesson 09.08
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
Sustainable development is not without its critics. Some groups believe the time for this type of
development is long past and nothing people do now will achieve the goals of sustainable development.
Others believe that sustainable development is a way for developed countries, especially those in the
Western Hemisphere, to prevent developing countries from profiting. To hear views on both sides, watch
these two Discovery Education video clips and begin to form an opinion. As you watch each video, record
key points for and against sustainable development.
Segment Sustainable Development 4:36
Balancing Conservation and Industrial growth 4:21
Now that you are familiar with some of the principles of sustainable development and the controversy
surrounding it, you are in a position to respond to questions about the concept. Here are some questions a
geographer might ask about sustainable development. Considering the arguments you have studied how
would you respond?




Are there locations in the world where sustainable development simply cannot work?
Do regions have to work together to achieve sustainable development?
How do you balance governmental needs against the human-environmental needs?
Did the Green Revolution aid or deter the goals of sustainable development?
Lesson 09.12
Lesson Tab (Page 3 of 3)
Let’s apply these techniques to an actual written free response. Read the free-response question below and
write a response to the question in your Geo Journal. You have already planned your response to this
question on the previous screen. Now give yourself 20 minutes to draft an actual response. If possible,
exchange your response with a classmate to see how he or she would score your response.
The map shows the locations of U.S. car and light-truck assembly plants in 2004.


Define the following terms and relate each of them to the U.S. automobile industry:
o weight-gaining industry
o agglomeration
o deglomeration
Explain TWO positive effects of agglomeration on a region’s economic development and TWO
negative effects of agglomeration on a region’s economic development.
Lesson 10.05
Lesson Tab (Page 4 of 4)
In this lesson, you have learned a great deal of information about urban transportation, housing, and social
patterns. Practice thinking like a geographer to apply this knowledge to a real-world situation.
Study the following map of Mumbai. Use what you have learned to respond to the following questions in
your Geo Journal using the information on the map below and the population density map found at the
Science Education through Earth Observation for High Schools site. You may also wish to conduct
additional research using reliable online resources, although this is not necessary.





How does Mumbai's mass-transportation system influence where people live?
What does the population density gradient of Mumbai look like?
Which regions of Mumbai do you predict will grow most quickly over the next 20 years? Why?
How do you think the population density of Mumbai will change over time?
What problems do you anticipate Mumbai will suffer from as it grows?
What suggestions would you make to Mumbai's city planners to manage the city's growth?
Lesson 10.07
Lesson Tab (Page 2 of 3)
In a Geo Journal entry, write a response to the free-response question below. Be sure to be as clear and
precise as you can in your response. Stick to the facts and do not include any extraneous information.



Define the following terms: Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, agricultural hearth, Second
Agricultural Revolution, AND Green Revolution.
Discuss the connections between the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution and the emergence of
agricultural hearths.
Explain the circumstances that allowed the Second Agricultural Revolution to take place.