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NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________ Geography and History Activity netw rks Islam and the Arab Empire Trade in the Arabian Peninsula Economic geography is the study of the distribution of economic activities such as agriculture, industry, and trade. Economic geographers study the specific goods and services that are produced in different areas of the world and how these goods and services are then traded and shared. One factor that determines patterns in economic geography is humanenvironment interaction, which is the interrelationship between people and their physical environment. Another factor is human movement from place to place, which affects patterns in trade and production. The harsh physical environment of the Arabian Peninsula profoundly shaped the region’s harsh economic geography. The climate is arid, and water is scarce throughout much of the area. For thousands of years, people’s movement across the desert was limited to regions where water was available. The domestication of the camel, however, enabled Arab peoples to develop wide trade networks across the Arabian Peninsula. The camel’s adaptations to desert life, especially the ability to carry heavy loads and survive for many days without water, made it possible for Arab traders to carry their goods and supplies across many miles of desert. Several major caravan routes flourished in the time of Muhammad, and a few were in use until the nineteenth century. Trade across land bridges and through the Mediterranean and Arabian Seas linking parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe had been active from very early times. Many of these routes are shown on the map. Muslim traders traveled in well-organized groups called caravans. Goods were carried by mule or donkey for shorter distances, and on camelback over longer distances. Staraia Ladoga 0° 20°W 40°E London AT L AN T I C O CE AN 40 °N Kievv Paris Prague Genoa Bayonne 60°E 20°E Cologne Venice Florence Rome Constantinople Thessaloníki Ceuta Tunis Fès Mahdia 0 400 miles Alexandria 400 km 0 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection N Trade goods: Trade routes: Dates Porcelain Grain Sandalwood Jewels Silk S Linens Spices 700s 1000s E W S 20 ° N Caption: The domestication of the camel, as well as traders’ proximity to water, allowed trade routes to grow around the Arabian Peninsula. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. Trade in Southwest Asia, 600–1000 NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________ Geography and History Activity Cont. netw rks Islam and the Arab Empire Although camels made long-distance trade caravans possible, political disorder in the Arabian Peninsula sometimes disrupted trade patterns. Arab people from neighboring regions competed with one another for limited resources, and competition sometimes led to warfare and violence along the trade routes. When one route became too dangerous, caravans would have to find a different way or seek protection from more powerful groups. Directions: Answer the questions below in the space provided. Understanding Concepts 1. Location Small circles on the map represent cities that were located near the caravan trade routes. Why were there so many cities along some routes and so few cities along others? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Movement In what ways did the environment impact human movement on the Arabian Peninsula? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. Human-Environment Interaction How did environmental factors sometimes lead to disruption along the Arabian trade routes? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. 2. NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________ Geography and History Activity Cont. netw rks Islam and the Arab Empire Applying the Concept 4. Drawing Conclusions The growth of trade caravans on the Arabian Peninsula after the domestication of the camel is an example of how one event can change the economic geography of a region. Complete the following chart to describe the changes that took place after the domestication of the camel. Domestication of the camel Made extensive trade routes possible across the Arabian Peninsula 5. Making Inferences Why is studying human-environment interaction necessary to understand the economic geography of the Arabian Peninsula in the time of Muhammad? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use. How this changed the economic geography of the region: