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Sociology Final Review Packet Chapter 1 1. What is the sociological perspective? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the concept of verstehen. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do sociologists study? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. In general how do symbolic interactionists, conflict theorists, and functionalists approach sociology? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Describe group conformity. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain C. Wright Mills sociological imagination. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is social structure? Why is it important? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Differentiate between social dynamics and social statics. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. Compare mechanical and organic solidarity. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3 1. Compare and contrast values, beliefs, and norms. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are symbols used in our society? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. How does language affect culture? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain the difference between cultural diffusion, discovery, and invention. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the difference between ideal and real culture? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are the different types of norms in societies? Describe each. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain what a cultural universal is. What are some examples? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. What are the different types of sanctions? Explain each one. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. How are sanctions used in society? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 7 1. When is deviant behavior most likely to be learned? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is deviance difficult to describe? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. How can deviance be a good thing? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is social control? What is the purpose of social control? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain the concept of recidivism. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is victim discounting? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Explain the labeling theory of deviance. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Explain the differential association theory of deviance. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 9. What are the four stages of Robert Merton’s Strain Theory? Describe each one. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 10. What is white collar crime? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 11. How do sociologists define crime? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 12. What are the two parts of the criminal justice system? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 13. Understand and define the four approaches to crime control. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 8 1. What is social stratification? Why is it important? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the difference between income, wealth, prestige and power? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. How do sociologists define the upper-class? What types of jobs are held by these people? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which groups of people are most likely to be living in poverty? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Describe the different types of mobility – vertical, horizontal, intergenerational. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is a caste system? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. How does each sociological theory explain social stratification? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 9 1. Explain the sociological perspectives on prejudice and discrimination. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is an ethnic minority? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain the difference between discrimination, prejudice and racism, and stereotyping. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is institutional discrimination? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain four patterns of assimilation. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Differentiate between de jure and de facto segregation. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. How is race defined? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 11 1. Use sociological terms to describe the typical American family. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the challenges of single-parent families? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain the rise and fall of divorce rates since the end of World War II? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is feminism? How do conflict theorists view the family? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain the functionalist view of the family? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are the problems that blended families face? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. What advantages to dual-income families have? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe the different types of family structures (Inheritance, Authority, Marriage, Living) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________