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Learning English with CBC Listening Lessons for Intermediate Students Based on CBC Manitoba Radio Broadcasts October 28, 2011 Lesson 71: Teacher’s Edition Level: CLB 5 and up Topic: Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Language Skills and Functions: Listening – listening to a short interview for inference Speaking – expressing regret; describing strong emotions or feelings; participating in a group discussion Reading – reading a text for detail and inference Writing – writing a birth announcement Language Competencies: Language Tasks: Vocabulary, Pronunciation, Listening and Speaking Strategies, Socio-cultural/sociolinguistic Competence Discussing the role of midwives/birthing practices in different countries Listening for inference in a radio interview with an expectant mother who attended the Winnipeg Birth Centre Open House Describing strong feelings using “so” or “such a/an” Reading a text and about the birth centre for detail and inference Expressing regrets/cancelling a counseling appointment in a role play Writing a birth announcement and discussing birth traditions across cultures Essential Skills: Reading text, working with others, oral communication, writing Worksheets1: 1. Use Synonyms in Vocabulary Development 2. Listen for Inference and Predicting How Jill’s Story Might End 3. Pronunciation Practice 4. Can You Express How Strongly You Feel About Something? 5. Read a Fact Sheet for Detail and Inference 6. Can You Express Regrets and Cancel an Appointment? 7. Write a Birth Announcement Appendices: Transcript of the podcast Facts about the Birth Centre 1 Answers to worksheets are in the self-study version of the lesson plan. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 1 of 19 Manitoba Memo In all countries and cultures, women who have experience in childbirth have traditionally attended births. One generation of women trained the next generation of women. Even today, it is estimated that eighty percent of babies around the world are born into the caring and skilled hands of a midwife. In the Canadian context, midwifery historically played an important role in Aboriginal communities. And when the European settlers arrived, it was often Aboriginal midwives who delivered their offspring. Later, as more waves of immigrants came to Canada, immigrant women brought their culture’s midwifery knowledge and practices with them. By 1865, as doctors began delivering babies, midwifery was criminalized in Canada. Midwives continued to practice however. In fact, many worked with and trained the very doctors who were taking over their roles. The biggest decline in midwifery in Canada came in the early 20th century. Anaesthetics were becoming more popular with women in childbirth and only doctors could provide them. Hospital births were becoming more common than home births, especially in urban areas. While many industrialized nations continued to support midwife attended births, North America moved in a completely different direction. Doctors, acting in part in their own self-interest, told the public that midwife attended births were unsafe. They also resisted proposals for more formal training of midwives, who were mostly female. In the 1980’s women in Canada began looking for less medically intrusive birth experiences. They wanted the option of a birth process which was viewed more as a normal, natural part of life and less of a medical procedure. Slowly, but surely, pressure from expectant mothers for birth alternatives has led to a resurgence of midwives across the country. Formal midwife training programs have been developed. The demand for midwife services continues to increase. Manitoba has the highest percentage of births attended by midwives of all the provinces. Publicly funded and regulated midwifery was introduced here just over a decade ago. Since that time, trained midwives have provided services for 1,000’s of families across the province. Midwives care for women throughout their pregnancy, their labour and birth. They also care for mother and baby for six weeks after the birth. Licensed midwives can order and interpret lab tests, write prescriptions related to maternal and newborn care and consult with or refer to family doctors and specialists. Midwives in Manitoba care for women and children in the community, in their homes and in clinics and hospitals. Soon women in Winnipeg with low-risk, normal pregnancies will be able to give birth at a birth centre staffed by midwives. The Minister of Health hopes that eventually there will be birth centres in other regions of the province. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 2 of 19 Pre-listening activities 1. Discuss as a class • • • • • • Where do most women give birth in your country? At home, in a clinic or in a hospital? How common is it for midwives to assist women giving birth? Are women more likely to have a midwife or a doctor present when they deliver their baby? Where do midwives receive their training? Do they take courses? Or do most learn by assisting experienced midwives? Who else is present when babies are born in your country? Is the husband/partner present? Relatives? Friends? In your opinion, what are the advantages of having a midwife and giving birth at a birth centre or at home rather than giving birth in a hospital? What are possible disadvantages? 3. Vocabulary Elicit or present key vocabulary that students need to understand prior to listening to the podcast (see suggested vocabulary and explanations which follow). You can write the words on the board and elicit possible meanings from the class or break students into groups and give each group a few words to review. Groups can then present the vocabulary to the rest of the class. You can also ask students to mark the syllables and stress for each word, identify word families and practise pronouncing the words. You may want to ask students to think of sentences that use the new vocabulary. If your students keep a vocabulary journal, they can copy the vocabulary into their journal. Vocabulary a birthing centre A birthing centre is a specially equipped facility with trained staff where women can go to give birth. an Open House An Open House is an event where people are invited to come to visit or tour a home, office, facility etc. to be staffed by Staff are the employees (or in some cases the volunteers) who work at an organization.. For example: Birthing centres are staffed by midwives. to deliver a baby When someone delivers a baby, they assist the mother in the birthing process. a midwife A midwife is a person (usually a woman) who is trained formally or through experience to assist women in childbirth. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 3 of 19 first impressions A first impression is the opinion or feeling you have the first time you see/hear or experience something. Oh my gosh! This slang expression means “wow”. We say “Oh my gosh” when we are very impressed by something. gorgeous When someone or something is very beautiful, we often describe them as gorgeous. spacious If a room or a place is spacious, it means that it is large and there is lots of useable space. It isn’t crowded with people or things. a natural birth A natural birth is a birth that happens naturally, without medical intervention. It does not involve anaesthetics. a mother-focused birth If a birth is mother-focused, it means that the needs of the mother are seen as very important. Every effort is made to ensure she is comfortable and has the supports she needs. facilities Facilities are rooms, equipment and services that are provided and used for a particular purpose. obstetricians Obstetricians are doctors who specialize in pregnancy and delivering babies. to trust someone If you trust someone, you believe in them and in their abilities. You have confidence in them. a hero/heroine A hero is a person of courage who is admired by others for doing brave deeds or performing heroic acts. a normal birth A normal birth is a birth where there are no complications. Everything proceeds as expected. weird If something is strange or unusual, or difficult to explain or understand, it may be described as “weird”. a plain vanilla delivery This idiom is from the world of ice cream. Vanilla ice cream is a basic flavour of ice cream with no additional flavours added. When a mother experiences a “plain vanilla delivery” of a baby, it means that the birth is straight forward and without complications. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 4 of 19 an incident-free pregnancy An incident-free pregnancy is a pregnancy where nothing unexpected happens and there are no complications. to consult with someone When you consult with someone, you ask for information or advice because it is their job to know about the topic. For example, you might consult your midwife about what to expect after you’ve given birth. to check someone (over) When doctors/nurses/ midwives check their patients or perform a check-up, they examine them and look for any possible medical problems or complications. 3. Predict what the interview is about In this interview, Terry MacLeod interviews Jill Forbes. Jill has just been to an Open House at the new birth centre in Winnipeg. The centre will be run by midwives. Jill is hoping to deliver her baby there. Ask students if they can predict the kinds of things Jill might find out about the new birth centre. Here are a few examples: Jill might find out… the size of the birthing rooms. She may learn…how the centre is staffed. She’ll likely find out ...if there’s a place her family can wait. I expect she’ll want to find out… when the centre will begin to operate. I hope she finds out… whether it would be a comfortable, pleasant setting to give birth. I have no idea what she’ll find out. While-listening activities 1. Introduce the podcast Tell students that in this podcast, they will hear three speakers. They will hear: Marcy Markusa – host Terry MacLeod – interviewer Jill Forbes – guest and expectant mother Play the podcast for the first time. 2. Vocabulary development Hand out Worksheet 1. Ask students to work with a partner. Can they find a synonym for the underlined words in each sentence in the vocabulary word box? Take up the answers as a class. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 5 of 19 After-listening activities 1. Review pre-listening predictions Ask students whether they were able to predict some of the things Jill found out when she went to the birth centre Open House. 2. Infer/Predict how the story ends Predicting and inferring both involve thinking about what is going to happen next in a story. They are strategies we use when we read or listen. These strategies help us better comprehend and understand what we are reading or hearing. The main difference between a prediction and an inference is that a prediction can be proven. An inference may or may not be proven. Inferences usually require the reader/listener to ask a lot of questions. Hand out and review Worksheet 2. Ask students to work with a partner. Play the podcast again. Ask students to answer the inference questions. How might Jill’s story end? 3. Pronunciation: Categorize words by syllables Hand out Worksheet 3. Ask students to clap out the syllables of the words from the podcast and complete the syllable chart. Explain that this is a good way to improve their pronunciation. Take up the answers as a class. You can extend this activity by asking students to write each in syllables and to mark stressed syllables. Extension activities 1. Using “so” or “such a/an” to describe strong feelings Tell students that we often use “so” or “such a/an” to describe strong feelings about something, as Jill does in lines 12 and 13 of the transcript. Hand out and review Worksheet 4. Ask students to complete it with a partner. Take up the answers as a class. 2. Reading a fact sheet about the birth centre and answering detail and inference questions Hand out Worksheet 5 and Appendix 2 and review both with the class. Students can work with a partner to complete the worksheet. Take up the answers as a class. 3. Cancelling an appointment with the birth centre and expressing regrets Hand out Worksheet 6 and review it with the class. Ask students to work with a partner. Have some of the pairs present their role play to the class. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 6 of 19 4. Writing a birth announcement and discussing birth traditions across cultures Hand out Worksheet 7 and review it with the class. Students can discuss Part A with a partner but each student should write their own announcement. Part B is completed in small groups. You may want to have students report back on their discussion. Want to know more… For general information on how midwifery works Manitoba, go to: www.gov.mb.ca/health/maternal/midwifery.html and www.gov.mb.ca/health/guide/4.html For information on the new birth centre, go to: www.womenshealthclinic.org/birthingmothering For information on how to get a midwife in Winnipeg, go to: www.wrha.mb.ca/community/primarycare/midwifery.php Historical information on midwifery in Canada can be found in the report “Midwifery and Aboriginal Midwifery in Canada”. It’s under publications on the National Aboriginal Health Organization website: www.naho.ca/midwifery/midwifery-publications/ The website for Manitoba’s Midwifery Association is: http://midwivesofmanitoba.ca/ Information on midwifery training programs in Manitoba can be found on the University College of the North website under Bachelor of Midwifery: www.ucn.ca/ics/Programs/ The Learning English with CBC lesson 24 “What’s in a Name?” would be a good lesson to accompany this one! Go to: www.cbc.ca/manitoba/eal/lessons.html CBC does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of external websites Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 7 of 19 Worksheet 1: Use Synonyms in Vocabulary Development A synonym is a word or expression that has the same meaning, or nearly the same meaning as another word or expression. Using synonyms is a good strategy to use with new vocabulary. Can you find the vocabulary word which means the same as the word/words underlined in each of the sentences below? The first is completed as an example. Sentence Synonym 1. The birth centre is large and roomy. spacious 2. The employees at the centre will be midwives. 3. Jill, the pregnant mother, thought the birth centre was really beautiful. 4. The new birth centre has many rooms and services. 5. However, they don’t have doctors who specialize in pregnancies. 6. The birth centre assists mothers who are having a routine birth. 7. If a birth situation becomes strange or unpredictable, the midwife can send the mother to a hospital. 8. Jill may be able to deliver her baby at the new centre because her pregnancy has been free of complications. 9. Jill enjoys discussing things with her midwife because her midwife has lots of experience. Synonyms to replace the underlined words: consulting spacious obstetricians incident-free Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre weird gorgeous staff normal facilities Learning English with CBC Page 8 of 19 Worksheet 2: Listen for Inference and Predict How Jill’s Story Could End Predicting and inferring both involve thinking about what is going to happen next in a story. They are strategies we use when we read or listen. These strategies help us better comprehend and understand what we are reading or hearing. The main difference between a prediction and an inference is that a prediction can be proven. An interference may or may not be proven. Inferences usually require the reader/listener to ask a lot of questions. Listen to the podcast again. How might Jill’s story end? Read the inference questions with your partner. Predict what you think will happen and why. Answer in the space provided. Questions Answer 1. What will happen next in Jill’s story? Where do you think she’ll have her baby? Why do you think that? We think Jill will __________________________ 2. What are the clues that make you think this will happen? The clues are____________________________ 3. How does Jill’s personality and the way she comes across in the interview influence what you think will happen? Jill’s personality did/didn’t influence my thinking 4. Why do you think Jill agreed to tell her story? because________________________________ _______________________________________. _______________________________________. because _______________________________ _______________________________________ We think Jill agreed to tell her story because ______________________________________ _______________________________________. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 9 of 19 Worksheet 3: Pronunciation Practice Read the words below with your partner. Tap or clap the syllables. This is a good way to improve your pronunciation, because you become more aware of the parts of the word. Complete the syllable chart by writing each word in the correct column. The first two are completed for you as examples. Winnipeg first weird pregnancy process trust obstetricians impressions beautiful facilities staff gorgeous delivery just birthing absolutely natural consulting hospital 1 syllable 2 syllables first Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre 3 syllables 4 syllables Winnipeg Learning English with CBC Page 10 of 19 Worksheet 4: Can You Express How Strongly You Feel about Something or Someone? When we want to describe or emphasize how strong our feelings are about something or someone, we often use “so” with an adjective and “such a/an” with an adjective when there is a noun. For example: Form so + adjective (when there is no noun) such a /such an + adjective (when there is a noun) Meaning to show strong emotion or feelings Use I think it’s so beautiful there. (no noun) I think the birth centre is such a beautiful place. (with noun) Complete the following sentences with so or such a/an. 1. The birth centre is so gorgeous. It is such a beautiful place. 2. The birth centre is ______ spacious facility. It is ________ spacious. 3. The staff’s approach is _______ mother-focused. The staff has _________ mother-focused approach. 4. The birth centre has ______ many facilities. It is _______ well-equipped facility. 5. Jill’s midwife is _______ easy to consult with. She’s ________ amazing listener too. 6. Jill’s _______ happy. She’s having ________ good pregnancy. Practice describing something that you feel strongly about. Here’s an example: Life as a newcomer in Canada is so difficult. It is such a difficult life being a newcomer. 1. _________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________ Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 11 of 19 Worksheet 5: Read a Fact Sheet for Details and Inference Read Appendix 2 with your partner. It contains facts about the new birth centre. Read carefully for details and inferred meaning. Decide if the sentences below are true or false. The first one is completed as an example. 1. Families are welcome at the birth centre. True False 2. The birth centre helps women only at the time of giving birth. True False 3. Women experiencing complications in their pregnancy are encouraged to use the birth centre. True False 4. The birth centre is equipped to handle minor complications during labour and delivery. True False 5. The birth centre follows national standards. True False 6. The birth centre offers medical procedures in emergencies. True False 7. The birth centre helps mothers care for their newborn babies. True False 8. If you want to give birth at the birth centre, your own midwife must be a member of the birth centre staff. True False Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 12 of 19 Worksheet 6: Can You Express Regrets and Cancel an Appointment? Sometimes we need language to cancel an appointment and express regrets. What should we say? How do we express regrets? First, read the following scenario with your partner. Second, complete the role play. One of you will play the receptionist and the other will play the parent. If you have time, reverse roles and do it again! Scenario You and your partner had your baby at the birth centre four weeks ago. It’s your first child. You have signed up for counseling offered to new parents. The appointment is for Thursday at 4:00 p.m. But your baby hasn’t slept much the past two nights and you are both exhausted. You decide to call the birth centre first thing Thursday morning to cancel the appointment. You express regrets and ask to reschedule the appointment for the following week. Language to Use to Express Regrets/Cancel an Appointment Begin with… I’m sorry..., I’m very sorry,… I have to apologize,… I’m sorry for the inconvenience Continue with… but… I need to/I have to /I’m afraid I have to… I regret to say… I’m sorry to say… that… I need to/I have to /I’m afraid I have to… Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC End with... cancel my appointment. re-schedule my appointment. cancel my appointment. re-schedule my appointment. Page 13 of 19 Role Play: Can You Express Regrets and Cancel an Appointment? Receptionist: (Greets the caller and asks how she can help) Winnipeg Birth Centre, good morning. How can I help you? Caller: (Introduces herself/himself and says why she/he is calling) _____________________________________________________________ Receptionist: (Asks for the time of the appointment) _____________________________________________________________ Caller: (Says the time. Expresses regret about cancelling and tells reason for cancelling) ______________________________________________________________ Receptionist: (Says cancelling isn’t a problem. Offers sympathy about lack of sleep.) ________________________________________________________ Caller: (Thanks him/her for understanding. Asks if the same day and time is available next week.) ______________________________________________________________ Receptionist: (Confirms appointment date and time. Wishes caller more sleep tonight.) _______________________________________________________________ Caller: (Says he/she is hoping they will get more sleep. Says thanks and good bye.) ________________________________________________________ Receptionist: (Says you’re welcome. Says he/she hopes to see them next week.) ______________________________________________________________ Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 14 of 19 Worksheet 7: Write a birth announcement One Canadian tradition is sending a birth announcement after a baby is born. The announcement may be published in a newspaper or sent in greeting card form to friends and relatives. Younger parents may send a birth announcement by email or post one on their Facebook page. Usually the announcement is accompanied by a picture of the new baby. Here’s an example of a recent birth announcement from the Winnipeg Free Press:2 PLANTE Leon, Jocelyn, big sister Arianna and big brother Eric would like to welcome the newest member of the family. Alyssa Rachelle Plante was born September 14, 2011, at 9:30 a.m., 7 lbs., 5 oz., and 20 inches long. Proud grandparents are Johanne Plante, Germaine and Maurice Van Den Bussche. She is loved by all. This is a typical birth announcement because it includes these main components: Components Examples An introduction (Names of parents and/or siblings)… would like to welcome… (Child’s name) welcomes her/his new baby brother/sister… We are thrilled to introduce… We welcome with love… The baby’s name Parents may use the baby’s first and second name only, or their entire name. The birth details This usually includes the baby’s birth date and the weight and height. Sometimes, the time and/or place of birth are added. Names of other family members who welcome the baby If the parents aren’t mentioned at the beginning, they are mentioned at the end, as are the grandparents. Often, the word “proud” is used to describe the parents and/or grandparents. Some birth announcements may even include aunts and uncles and cousins! 2 Winnipeg Free Press, October 15, 2011 Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 15 of 19 Part 1: Write a Birth Announcement Use the guidelines and the example to help you write a birth announcement. Write a birth announcement for one of your own children, for a family member or write a fictional birth announcement. Make sure all of the key information is included. (Welcome/baby’s name)_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (Details of birth)____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (Others who welcome baby)___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Part 2: Discuss Birth Traditions across Cultures When you are finished, discuss the following questions with a small group. Try to make sure your group includes students from different countries. That will make your discussion even more interesting! Practise turn-taking in your conversation. • • • • • • • • After a baby is born in your country, what kinds of celebrations and/or rituals are undertaken? Are birth announcements sent to friends and family? Do you hold a naming ceremony? Do you invite family/ friends/ co-workers to a shower where people give gifts for the baby? Does the shower take place before or after the baby is born? Do people donate money? Is a faith-based gathering or ceremony held? Do you wait for a period of time (e.g. a month) before celebrations take place? Why? What other things do you do in your country when a baby is born? Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 16 of 19 Appendix 1: Transcript October 17, 2011(broadcast date) Speaker Podcast Line Marcy Hi I'm Marcy Markusa and you're listening to Learning English with CBC. Winnipeg’s new birthing centre held an Open House recently. The birthing centre will be staffed by midwives and is expected to deliver 500 babies a year. Jill Forbes is hoping to have her baby there. In this interview, Jill talks to 5 Terry MacLeod about her first impressions of the birthing centre and about why she has decided to have a midwife for her pregnancy. Terry Hello there. Jill Good morning. Terry So what did you think when you saw it first? Jill Oh my gosh, it’s so beautiful there, it’s absolutely gorgeous. 10 It’s so spacious and the lighting that they’ve got in there is just beautiful. It’s just gorgeous there. Terry Wow. Ah why did you want to have your baby at the new 15 centre? You ah you had an earlier baby, Annie, ah at at the hospital, right? Jill Yes I had Anne at the hospital three years ago and I had a pretty good experience at the hospital, but I’m looking for something a little bit different ah a little bit more, well hopefully 20 natural, and a little bit more mother focused. Terry They have a lot of facilities and services at at the birth centre but they don’t have obstetricians or doctors on staff there, right? Jill No, no… Terry Does that concern you? Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre 25 Learning English with CBC Page 17 of 19 Jill Ah no I’ve got a midwife and I completely trust her and her training. And one of the things that I’ve learned about her, through working with her since I found out I was pregnant, is that she’s not a hero and she’s not there to solve the world’s 30 problems. She does normal birth. And if things get weird or things don’t get normal, then she is very happy to send me off to a doctor that will take care of me if things aren’t normal. Terry To a hospital then? Jill Correct. Terry What kind of process have you gone through though to 35 determine that you’re going to have a plain vanilla delivery? Jill (laughs) Well, I ah I so far I’m having a relative an incident-free pregnancy, it’s a normal pregnancy. I had a normal birth with Anne and um I just I do a lot of consulting with my midwife. 40 What I love is that when I meet with her I get an hour with her and we talk about any questions and she checks me and and I didn’t think that I could talk for an hour about this thing growing inside me… Terry Yes. Jill …but there we are. Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre 45 Learning English with CBC Page 18 of 19 Appendix 2: Facts about the Birth Centre3 What services will be available at the Birth Centre? The Birth Centre will offer women and their families a range of services. These include: • • • prenatal, pregnancy and post-partum care counseling services health education programs on parenting and newborn care What are the features of the Birth Centre? The Birth Centre offers women a comfortable, home-like setting to give birth. Each of the four spacious birth rooms has a large shower and tub, a double bed and comfortable chairs for those supporting the woman through the birth. The Birth Centre also has a lounge with a kitchen where a woman’s family and support people can wait and rest. Clinical facilities and meeting spaces are also available. Who will provide services at the Birth Centre? There will be no doctors at the birth centre. The primary care providers will be midwives registered with the College of Midwives of Manitoba and employed by the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA). Four midwives will be permanently located at the Birth Centre when it opens. However, any midwife employed by the WRHA can provide clinical and birthing services to her clients at the Birth Centre. How can I give birth at the Birth Centre? Women who want to birth at the Birth Centre must be in the primary care of a WRHA midwife. They also must be healthy and having a normal and uncomplicated pregnancy. They will be assessed to be sure that they meet the standards set by the College of Midwives of Manitoba for a safe out-of-hospital birth. How will the Birth Centre manage an emergency if one happens? Each birth room will have the supplies and equipment needed to manage a normal birth, including non-urgent complications. In an emergency, the mother and baby will be transferred to the most appropriate hospital. The Birth Centre has a special entrance that allows easy access for emergency vehicles if they are needed. 3 From www.womenshealthclinic.org/birthingmothering Special Delivery by Midwife: Winnipeg’s New Birth Centre Learning English with CBC Page 19 of 19