Download Momentum, Impulse and Momentum Change

Momentum and Collisions
Name:
Momentum, Impulse and Momentum Change
Read from Lesson 1 of the Momentum and Collisions chapter at The Physics Classroom:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1b.html
MOP Connection:
Momentum and Collisions: sublevels 1 and 2
Momentum
1. The momentum of an object depends upon the object's ________. Pick two quantities.
a. mass - how much stuff it has
b. acceleration - the rate at which the stuff changes its velocity
c. weight - the force by which gravity attracts the stuff to Earth
d. velocity - how fast and in what direction it's stuff is moving
e. position - where the stuff is at
2.
Momentum is a ____________ quantity.
a. scalar
b. vector
3.
Which are complete descriptions of the momentum of an object? Circle all that apply.
a. 2.0 kg/s
b. 7.2 kg•m/s, right
c. 6.1 kg•m/s2 , down
d. 4.2 m/s, east
e. 1.9 kg•m/s, west
f. 2.3 kg•m/s
4.
The two quantities needed to calculate an object's momentum are __________ and ___________.
5.
Consider the mass and velocity values of Objects A and B below.
Compared to Object B, Object A has ____ momentum.
a. two times the
b. four times the
c. eight times the
d. the same
e. one-half the
f. one-fourth the
g. ... impossible to tell without knowledge of the F and a.
6.
Calculate the momentum value of ... . (Include appropriate units on your answers.)
a. ... a 2.0-kg brick moving through the air at 12 m/s.
b. ... a 3.5-kg wagon moving along the sidewalk at 1.2 m/s.
7.
With what velocity must a 0.53-kg softball be moving to equal the momentum of a 0.31-kg baseball
moving at 21 m/s?
Impulse and Momentum Change
8. Insert these words into the four blanks of the sentence: mass, momentum,
acceleration, time, impact, weight, impulse, and force. (Not every
word will be used.)
In a collision, an object experiences a(n) __________________ acting for a
certain amount of ____________________ and which is known as a(n)
_______________ ; it serves to change the ________________ of the object.
© The Physics Classroom, 2009
Page 1
Momentum and Collisions
9.
A(n) _________________ causes and is equal to a change in momentum.
a. force
b. impact
c. impulse
d. collision
10. Calculate the impulse experienced by .... .
(Show appropriate units on your answer.)
a. ... a 65.8-kg halfback encountering a force of 1025 N for 0.350 seconds.
b. ... a 0.168-kg tennis ball encountering a force of 126 N that changes its velocity by 61.8 m/s.
11. Determine the impulse (I), momentum change (!p), momentum (p) and other values.
A 7-ball collides with the 8-ball.
A moving medicine ball is caught by a girl on ice skates.
A car is at rest when it experiences a forward propulsion force to set it in motion. It then experiences
a second forward propulsion force to speed it up even more. Finally, it brakes to a stop.
A tennis ball is at rest when it experiences a forward force to set it in motion. It then strikes a wall
where it encounters a force that slows it down and finally turns it around and sends it backwards.
© The Physics Classroom, 2009
Page 2
Momentum and Collisions
Name:
Controlling a Collision
Read from Lesson 1 of the Momentum and Collisions chapter at The Physics Classroom:
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1a.html
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/u4l1b.html
MOP Connection:
Momentum and Collisions: sublevel 3
Review:
1. A halfback (m = 80 kg), a tight end (m = 100 kg), and a lineman (m = 120 kg) are running down the
football field. Consider their ticker tape patterns below.
The lineman's velocity is 3 m/s (right). The tight end's velocity is ______ m/s and the halfback's
velocity is _______ m/s. Which player has the greatest momentum and how much momentum does
he have? ___________________________ Explain.
2.
A football fullback is running down the field at constant speed until he encounters a defensive back.
The dot diagram depicts the motion of the fullback.
Indicate on the dot diagram (by means of an arrow) the approximate location at which the fullbackdefensive back collision occurs.
Which direction (right or left) does the force upon the fullback
act? ________ Explain how you know.
What happens to the momentum of the fullback upon colliding
with the defensive back?
Using the F•t = m•!v Equation to Analyze Impulses and Momentum Changes:
3. Two cars of equal mass are traveling down Lake Avenue with equal velocities. They both come to a
stop over different lengths of time. The dot diagrams for each car are shown below.
Which car (A or B) experiences the greatest acceleration? ______ Explain.
Which car (A or B) experiences the greatest change in momentum? ______ Explain.
Which car (A or B) experiences the greatest impulse? ______ Explain.
Which car (A or B) experiences the greatest force? ______ Explain.
© The Physics Classroom, 2009
Page 3
Momentum and Collisions
4.
When a boxer recognizes that he/she will be hit by an
opposing fist, he/she rides the punch. Use physics to explain
why.
5.
Mountain climbers use nylon safety ropes due to their tendency to stretch considerably under stress.
Use physics to explain why.
Consider the diagram at the right for
the next three questions. The
diagram depicts Before and After
velocities of an 800-kg car in two
different collisions with a wall. In
case A, the car rebounds upon
collision. In case B, the car hits the
wall, crumples up and stops. Assume that the collision time for each collision is the same.
6. In which case does the car experience the greatest momentum change?
a. Case A
b. Case B
c. Both the same
d. Insufficient information
7.
In which case does the car experience the greatest impulse?
a. Case A
b. Case B
c. Both the same
d. Insufficient information
8.
The impulse encountered by the 800-kg car in case A has a magnitude of ___ N•s.
a. 0
b. 800
c. 3200
d. 4000
e. 7200
f. Not enough information to determine.
9.
Evaluate the potential hazard to a passenger involved
in a head-on collision in which the two cars stick
together compared to when they rebound upon
impact. Explain.
10. The diagram below depicts the changes in velocity of a ball that undergoes a collision with a wall.
Indicate which case (A or B) has the greatest change in velocity, greatest acceleration, greatest
momentum change, and greatest impulse. Support each answer.
Greatest !v? _____ Explanation:
Greatest a? _____ Explanation:
Greatest !p? _____ Explanation:
Greatest F!t? _____ Explanation:
© The Physics Classroom, 2009
Page 4