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Download cultural geography - El Camino College
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CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY Geography 2 Instructor – Gary Booher What is Geography? Geography = “to describe the earth” Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand, its view panoramic. It sweeps the surface of the Earth, charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their areal differentiation, and their ecological dynamics with human kind. Its foremost tool is the map. - Leonard Krishtalka Carnegie Museum of Natural History Elements of Geography Science of Place Physical & Cultural Areal Differentiation Ecological Dynamics Maps Geography Studies… Differences from Place to Place Population Folk Culture Popular Culture Language Religion Ethnicity Political Geography Agriculture Industry Cities Urban Patterns Meaning of Culture Definitions of Culture – 2 aspects… To care about • Social Beliefs/Customs • To value – Language, Religion, Ethnicity To take care of • Material Traits • Cultivate – Food, Clothing, Shelter Meaning of Culture Culture is… A “way of Life” Shared by a group of people Learned Major Themes… 1. Culture Region 2. Cultural Ecology 3. Cultural Diffusion 4. Cultural Interaction 5. Cultural Landscape 1 – Culture Region Area unified by culture 3 Types of Culture Regions… Formal Functional Vernacular Formal Regions Has 1+ cultural traits A __________ area An area with a lot of __________ Indefinite boundary Formal Regions Presidential Election (2008) Electoral Vote (State) • “Blue” vs. “Red” Popular Vote (County) • Urban vs. Rural Functional Regions Organized to serve a Function Focused on a NODE Political ~ 200 Countries Functional Regions Social Church Economic Area for Service or Delivery Vernacular Regions Based on a common or perceived name for an area “Midwest” “The South” This area? Vernacular Regions What Type of Region? Formal, Functional or Vernacular? Orange County? Functional Pacific Northwest? Vernacular A rice-growing region? Formal Pizza-delivery area for Pizza take-out? Functional 2 – Cultural Ecology Interaction of Culture & Environment Environment influences Culture • Agriculture, Housing Cultural Ecology Human activity influences Environment Cultural Ecology Views Environmental Determinism… Environment dominant over Culture • In a ________________ environment, people/culture will be _____________ Cultural Ecology Views Possibilism Environment offers Possibilities • For People to choose from Environmental Perception People choose Possibilities… • From how they Perceive Environment Cultural Ecology Views Humans as Modifiers of the Earth People affect the Environment • Opposite of Environmental Determinism Depends on… • Technology & Energy • Attitudes towards the Earth Environmental Modification Netherlands… Land drained & reclaimed from Sea 3 – Cultural Diffusion Origin and spread of… Traits Ideas Innovations Place of Origin is called a Hearth Diffusion weakens from Hearth Distance Decay Cultural Diffusion – Types Relocation Diffusion • People Migrate Expansion Diffusion • Ideas Migrate Hierarchical Contagious Relocation Diffusion Via migration Bring culture with them • Foods Hierarchical Diffusion Between… Urban centers Wealthy or trendy people Examples… Fashions Movies Pop Culture Contagious Diffusion Neighborhood effect Influence of Peers Tastes Music Actions Language Cultural Diffusion 4 – Cultural Interaction Influence between Cultural elements Cultural traits are interdependent • Even when unrelated 5 – Cultural Landscape Man-made Landscape Buildings/Structures Cultural Landscape Visual Record of Cultures Of Values, Tastes, Fears, Technology Shows Identity of a Place Cultural Landscape Toponyms Place-Names Toponyms – Classification Descriptive – for a Natural Feature Long Beach Riverside Thousand Oaks Sierra Nevada Toponyms – Classification Signify Values – of Settlers Los Angeles Islamabad Toponyms – Classification Show Historical Settlement Indigenous • Pasadena Spanish • Santa Monica • San Pedro • Lomita American • Walnut Toponyms – Classification Commemorative For a Person • Washington, DC • Santa Ana • Baldwin Park Or another place • New York – New Amsterdam Toponyms – Classification Functional – for an Economic Activity Harbor City City of Industry Commerce Portland Toponyms – Classification Manufactured Invented Words/Acronyms • Calexico • Mexicali • Norco • Altadena • Azusa Toponyms Place – Site vs. Situation Site – Physical Characteristics Lower Manhattan Place – Site vs. Situation Place – Site vs. Situation Situation – Importance of Location Relative to other places & factors Singapore Fig. 1-7: Singapore is situated at a key location for international trade. Spatial Distribution Density # per Area • High vs. Low Pattern Arrangement • Regular vs. Irregular Concentration Spread • Clustered vs. Dispersed Spatial Distribution Density? Lower Higher =#2 Concentration? Dispersed =#1 Clustered Portraying Location Maps Cartography = Mapmaking Contemporary Tools Remote Sensing • Satellite Images GPS = Global Positioning System GIS = Geographical Information Systems Politically Incorrect Map Cartographers gone Wild???
