Download Monday, July 14 Osmosis refers to the flow of

Reading quiz questions for week 4 of BIOL 220 (July 14-18, 2014)
Monday, July 14
Osmosis refers to the flow of
Information
Ions
Solutes
Water – YES
To direct water through membranes, cells
Use a ATP-hydrolyzing water pump
Use a water/sodium antiporter
Use pumps to create an osmotic gradient, which water then follows via aquaporins –
YES
Reduce oxygen on one side of the membrane to water on the other side, using electron
pairs
Animals living in environments with extremely limited water would be predicted to excrete most
of their nitrogen-containing waste in the form of
Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid – YES
Asparagine
Glutamine
A strong osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of a nephron is established mostly by the
Renal corpuscle
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle – YES
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
The kidney regulates electrolyte balance. In general, electrolytes are
Aqueous ions – YES
Sugars (e.g., glucose)
Amino acids
Nitrogenous wastes
Reading quiz questions for week 4 of BIOL 220 (July 14-18, 2014)
Tuesday, July 15
Together, the Bowman's capsule and the glomerulus constitute a
Nephron
Renal corpuscle – YES
Proximal tubule
Cortex
In the terms "proximal tubule" and "distal tubule," "proximal" and "distal" refer to how close the
tubule is to the
Bowman's capsule – YES
Loop of Henle
Vasa recta
Collecting duct
Among parts of the nephron, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle has an unusually
strong ability to
Actively transport sodium ions out of the nephron's lumen – YES
Actively transport sodium ions into the nephron's lumen
Passively release water from the nephron's lumen
Passively absorb water into the nephron's lumen
In the context of the kidney, a lumen is
The interior of the vasa recta
The moon-shaped cul-de-sac at the junction of the Bowman's capsule and proximal
convoluted tubule
The path along which pre-urine travels – YES
Another term for interstitial fluid surrounding each nephron
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) makes the collecting duct more permeable to water by
Adding aquaporins to the cell membrane – YES
Increasing the activity of the sodium-potassium pump
Suppressing aldosterone release
Increasing urea retention
Reading quiz questions for week 4 of BIOL 220 (July 14-18, 2014)
Wednesday, July 16
Marine fishes are hyposmotic to the sea. This osmolarity difference causes them to _______
electrolytes and _______ water.
Gain; gain
Gain; lose – YES
Lose; gain
Lose; lose
Neither gain nor lose; neither gain nor lose
If a mole of NaCl is added to pure water, the resulting amount of solute is
0.001 osmoles
0.5 osmoles
1 osmole
2 osmoles – YES
1000 osmoles
The compound ouabain inhibits the function of
Na/K/Cl cotransporters
Na/K pumps – YES
Na channels
Cl channels
K channels
The following is NOT true of excretion processes in both insects and vertebrates.
Filtration is not especially selective.
Reabsorption is highly selective.
Reabsorption is highly regulated.
Pre-urine is produced by the Malpighian tubules. – YES
Marine birds excrete salt via a mechanism that includes all of the following components EXCEPT
Na/K ATPases
Na/Cl/K cotransporters
Voltage-gated Na channels – YES
Cl channels
K channels
Reading quiz questions for week 4 of BIOL 220 (July 14-18, 2014)
Thursday, July 17
Injections of erythropoietin can be dangerous because they
Lead to urinary infections
Increase blood viscosity – YES
Cause dehydration
Lower oxygen-carrying capacity
Lead to delusions of grandeur
Epinephrine causes glucose production in the liver via a series of steps in which
The enzyme phosphorylase becomes dephosphorylated
The second messenger calcium is released
A phosphate group is added to the enzyme phosphorylase kinase – YES
Glycogen is synthesized
Phosphodiesterase produces GMP
Which of the following hormones is NOT a peptide or polypeptide?
Erythropoietin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroxine - YES
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Growth hormone (GH)
How do steroid hormones affect gene expression?
They bind directly to DNA.
They bind to cell-surface receptors that then bind to DNA.
They bind to intracellular receptors that then bind to DNA. – YES
They bind to RNA, which then binds to DNA.
They cause mutations in the DNA.
A given hormone only affects specific populations of target cells because
The target cells are the only ones exposed to the hormone.
The target cells are the only ones with the genes whose expression is to be altered.
The target cells are the only ones with the gene for the hormone's receptor.
The target cells are the only ones that express the hormone's receptor. – YES
The target cells are the only ones that don't destroy the hormone.