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Population and Carrying Capacity Your family has decided that you are going to bring a dog into your household. What limiting factors will determine whether your new family addition will live a happy and healthy life? List them. Pull • Population: all the members of one species that occupy a certain area during a certain time. • Ex. The population of bass in Lake Ontario Four factors affect the size of a population: 1. Natality the number of offspring of a species born in one year 2. Immigration the number of individuals of a species moving into an existing population * These __________________ the size of the population 3. Mortality the number of individuals of a species that die in one year 4. Emigration the number of individuals of a species moving out of an existing population *These __________________ the size if the population 1 Carrying Capacity 'Carrying capacity' refers to the size of a population that can be supported indefinitely by the resources and services of a given ecosystem. Beyond this carrying capacity, no additional individuals can be supported, at least not for long. When a population is maintained at its carrying capacity, the size of the population is at an equilibrium. Which of the following curve﴾s﴿ shows the existence of a carrying capacity? 1 2 3 Pull Population Density Here are some h Time 2 Limiting Factors Carrying Capacity can be affected by limiting factors such as: 1. Amount of available water and energy If the population grows too large it will eventually crash when resources run out. ex. The availability of frogs limits the population of garter snakes. 2. Predation If the population grows too large, predation will increase, reducing the size of the population of prey. ex. As the number of moose increases, the number of wolves increases. When the number of moose decreases, the population of wolves also decrease. Pull 3. Competition If resources become scarce, members of a population must fight for resources and their survival. The more energy an organism spends on competing, the less energy it has for growth and reproduction. This limits the size of a population. 4. Space If a population grows too large, space will run out. Competition for space will reduce the population. ex. Moose need lots of room to forage. Homework: Elk and Wolf Population Case Study 3