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sediment
Sediment is small
particles eroded from
rock or from living
things. Example:
Sand, pebbles, bones
Weathering
Weathering occurs as
soil and rock are broken
up by forces including
freezing, thawing, plant
roots and acid
Erosion
Erosion occurs when
running water, ice, wind,
or gravity moves or
carries away weathered
soil and rock
Depostion
Sediment
settles out of
the wind or
water carrying it
Compaction
Compaction is the
process that
presses sediments
together
Cementation
Cementation is the
process in which
dissolved minerals
crystallize and glue
sediment together
clastic
rock
clastic rocks are sedimentary
rocks formed from pieces of
other rocks that are squeezed
or glued together. Common
clastic rocks are: Shale,
Sandstone, comglomerate, and
breccia
Organic
Rock
Organic Sedimentary rocks
form where the remains of
animal and plant material are
deposited in layers. Common
organic rocks include: Coal
and limestone
Chemical
Rock
Chemical sedimentary
rocks are formed by
minderal dissolved in a
water crystallize. For
examples: Rock salt
(halite) and Limestone
(Dissolved from calcite)
Coal
Coal is formed from the
remains of swamp plants buried
in water. Layers of plant
remains build up over time and
the layers get compacted and
cemented together. Coal is an
organic sedimentary rock
Limestone
limestone can be a chemcial or organic
sedimentary rock. Organic limestone is
formed when ocean animals with hard
shells or skeletons die. Animal remains
pile up over time on the ocean floor and
get compacted and cemented together.
Chemical limestone forms when calcite is
dissolved in lakes or seas and the water
evaporates from the solution forming
crystals
tufa
Tufa is a limestone formed
by evaporation from a hot
mineral solution such as a
hot spring or lake shore.
Example: Rock "Towers"
at Mono Lake, CA
Chert
Chert is a light-colored
chemical sedimentary
rock. Fint forms when
small particles of silica
settle out of water. Used
to make arrowheads
Flint
Historically flint
was used to make
arrowheads, Often
called black Chert
Chapter 2:
Lesson 4
Vocabulary