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BACTERIA AND VIRUSES Why is the study of microorganisms important– How do microorganisms affect your life? “The Unseen World” Misconceptions about microbes “I might have some bacteria in my body.” “All microbes are bad/dangerous.” “Antibiotics will help cure my cold.” “If I have E. coli in my body, I’ll get sick.” “I get sick from being outside in cold weather.” Write this Definitions Pathogen: disease-causing agent Bacteria: (prokaryote) single-celled, non-nucleated organisms Virus: genetic material (DNA or RNA) encapsulated by a protein coat (capsid) Bacteria Structure BACTERIA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxM_9DL2GYw Write this Important Beneficial Bacteria • * E. coli – Helps in digestion • Lactobacillus – Yogurt • Streptomyces – decompose organic matter • Cyanobacteria – nitrogen fixing* • Oil digesting bacteria Write this Important Pathogenic Bacteria • *E. coli – food poisoning • Streptococcus- Strep throat • Staphylococcus – Staph infections (skin to skin contact) • Paenibacillus – spoils milk Write this Treatment For Bacteria Infections • Human Immune System • T and B White blood cells • Fever • Antibiotics • Disrupt bacteria’s ability to produce new cell wall • Halts reproduction Virus Structure https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KXHwhTghWI Virus https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KXHwhTghWI Write this Important Pathogenic Viruses • • • • • Influenza – Flu Ebola- hemorrhagic fever Paramyxovirus – measles, mumps HIV – AIDS* Herpes – chicken pox, std Write this Treatment for Viruses *• Human Immune System • T and B White blood cells • Fever • Vaccines • Exposure to a weakened or dead version of the virus; “wanted poster” • Anti-viral Drugs • Prevent viral attachment to cells What do you know about bacteria and viruses? How are they similar; how are they different? Write this Bacteria vs. Viruses BACTERIA *Genetic material (DNA/RNA) Cell Membrane VIRUSES *Genetic material (DNA/RNA) Protein Coat (Capsid) Write this Bacteria vs. Viruses BACTERIA *Living Reproductionbinary fission Beneficial or Harmful VIRUSES *Non-living Reproductiononly in a host cell Often harms its host STOP HERE Reproduction of Cells and Viruses? HOW DO EUKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? HOW DO EUKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? HOW DO EUKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? Somatic Cells PRODUCT: 2 Genetically Diploid Reproductive Cells PRODUCT: 4 Identical Genetically Haploid Unique HOW DO PROKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? HOW DO PROKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? BACTERIAL CELLSBINARY FISSION HOW DO PROKARYOTIC CELLS REPRODUCE? BINARY FISSION Replication of DNA Single loop2 Identical loops Cell membrane pinches inward (between the 2 loops) New Cell Wall forms 2 Identical Bacterial Cells (clones) HOW DO VIRUSES REPRODUCE? HOW DO VIRUSES REPRODUCE? Viral Reproduction- Lytic Cycle (short like the word) Virus enters a cell Injection or Disguise Takes over Cell Multiple Copies of Viral DNA Synthesis of Capsids Bursts Host Cell Releases More Virus Viral Reproduction- Lysogenic Cycle (longer process like the word) Virus enters a cell Injection or Disguise Viral DNA Integrates with Host DNA Viral DNA copied along with host DNA Cell remains in tact * May someday be triggered and enter lytic cycle ASSIGNEMENT FOLD A PIECE OF COPY PAPER INTO QUADRANTS IN EACH QUADRANT, ILLUSTRATE AND LABEL A DIFFERENT FORM OF REPRODUCTION. NEAT, COLORFUL, COMPLETE AND ACCURATE MITOSIS/MEIOSIS (text pp. 165) BINARY FISSION (text pp. 144-45) LYTIC CYCLE (text pp. 534-35) LYSOGENIC CYCLE (text pp. 534-35)
