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Running head: DETERMINING FACTORS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TIMING 1 Determination Factors for Orthodontic Treatment Timing Manal Shehada Madonna University ESL 5230 – Informative paper outline (D2) March 25, 2015 DETERMINING FACTORS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TIMING 2 Determination Factors for Orthodontic Treatment Timing I- Thesis statement: The decision to define the beginning of an orthodontic treatment is affected by several factors such as orthodontist background, treatment objectives, type of malocclusion, and the cost and the duration of the treatment; that is why this decision should be taken for each case alone. II- Definition of timing of orthodontic treatment A- Definition of early orthodontic treatment: There is a controversy about the definition. Some consider it early mixed dentition or mid-mixed dentition; others define it as latemixed dentition (Hsieh, Pinskaya, & Roberts, 2005). B- Definition of late orthodontic treatment: it could be started at the late-mixed dentition or permanent dentition phase (Hsieh et al., 2005). III- Factors determining the time to begin orthodontic treatment A- Orthodontists background 1- The institution of graduation. The European orthodontic schools prefer early treatment more than American orthodontic schools (Pietilä, Pietilä, Pirttiniemi, Varrela, & Alanen, 2008). 2- The year of orthodontist's graduation. Older orthodontists prefer early treatment (Pietila et al., 2008). B- Treatment objective 1- Growth modification must be done before the end of jaws` growth (Philippe, 2012). 2- Interceptive and preventive orthodontics help to stop pathogenic factors before they cause malocclusion (Shalish, Gal, Brin, Zini, & Ben-Bassat, 2013). DETERMINING FACTORS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TIMING 3 C- Type of malocclusion 1 – Crossbite preferred to be treated as early treatment (Pietila et al., 2008; Hsieh et al., 2005). 2- Sever overjet need early treatment to protect teeth from trauma (Shalish et al, 2013). 3- Class II has a controversy about the perfect time to treat it (Pietila et al., 2008). D- The cost and the duration of the treatment. Early treatment takes long time which makes some orthodontists avoid it (Hsieh et al., 2005). IV- Conclusion A- Many factors have an influence on the decision of starting orthodontic treatment. B- There are no specific standards for choosing the time to initiate orthodontic treatment. C- The decision of choosing early or late orthodontic treatment must be taken after studying each case individually. DETERMINING FACTORS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TIMING 4 References Al-Shayea, E. I. (2014). A survey of orthodontists’ perspectives on the timing of treatment: A pilot study. Journal of Orthodontic Science, 3(4), 118–124. doi:10.4103/22780203.143232 Hsieh, T., Pinskaya, Y., & Roberts, W. E. (2005). Assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes: Early treatment versus late treatment. Angle Orthodontist, 75(2), 162-170. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(2005)075<0158:AOOTOE>2.0.CO;2 Nedeljkovic, N. (2011). Sagittal skeletal and occlusal changes of class II, division 1 postadolescent cases in the herbst and activator therapy. In Naretto, S. (Ed.), Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics (79-112). Rijeka, Croatia: In Tech. Retrieved from: http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/24346.pdf Philippe, J. (2012). Who introduced early treatment to orthodontics?. Journal of Dentofacial Anomalies and Orthodontics, 15, 107. doi:10.1051/odfen/2011407. Pietilä, I., Pietilä, T., Pirttiniemi, P., Varrela, J., & Alanen, P. (2008) .Orthodontists ’ views on indications for and timing of orthodontic treatment in Finnish public oral health care. European Journal of Orthodontics, 30, 46–51. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjm085 Pietila, I., Pietila, T., Svedström-Oristo, A.-L., Varrela, J., & Alanen, P. (2013). Comparison of treatment costs and outcome in public orthodontic services in Finland. European Journal of Orthodontics, 35, 22–28. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjr053 Prabhakar, R. R., Saravanan, R., Karthikeyan, M. K., Vishnuchandran, C., & Sudeepthi. (2014). Prevalence of malocclusion and need for early orthodontic treatment in children. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8(5), ZC60–ZC61. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/8604.4394 DETERMINING FACTORS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TIMING 5 Prajapati, D., Nayak, R., Kappadi, D., & Nayak, A. (2014). Complete maxilla in cross bite in primary dentition– a rare case report. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, 1(2), 57-60. Shalish, M., Gal, A., Brin, I., Zini, A., & Ben-Bassat, Y. (2013). Prevalence of dental features that indicate a need for early orthodontic treatment. European Journal of Orthodontics, 35, 454-459. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjs011