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STARS AND PLANETS
INTRODUCTION
• IN THIS PRESENTATION YOU WILL SEE ABOUT
THE EIGHT PLANETS AND STARS IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM OF MILKYWAY GALAXY.
MERCURY
MERCURY IS THE FIRST PLANET TO THE
SUN AND THE EIGHTH LARGEST :
ORBIT:57,910,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:4,880 km
MASS:3.30e23 kg
IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY MERCURY IS
THE PLANET OF COMMERCE,THIEVERY
AND TRAVEL.THIS PLANET GOT THIS
NAME BECAUSE IT TRAVELS SO
QUICKLY ACROSS THE SKY.PLANET
MERCURY HAS BEEN KNOWN FROM
THE TIME OF SUMERIANS[3RD
MILLENIUM BC] . IT IS MORNING AND
EVENING STAR . ACCORDING TO GREEK
ASTRONOMY IT IS TOLD FOR THE
SAME BODY.SPACECRAFTS VISITED
MERCURY : MARINER 10 AND
MESSENGER.
VENUS
VENUS IS THE SECOND PLANET FROM
THE SUN AND THE SIXTH LARGEST:
ORBIT:108,200,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER: 12,103.6 km
MASS: 4.869e24 kg
VENUS { SO CALLED ISHTAR] IS THE
GODDESS OF LOVE AND BEAUTY.IT IS
NAMED BECAUSE IT IS THE BRIGHTEST
PLANET WHICH IS KNOWN TO THE
ANCIENTS. IT IS THOUGHT THERE ARE
TWO BODIES: EOSPERUS AS THE
MORNING STAR AND HESPERUS AS
THE EVENING STAR.VENUS APPEARING
IS CALLED AS LUCIFER.
SPACECRAFTS VISITED VENUS:
MARINER 2, PIONEER VENUS,SOVIETVENERA 7, VENERA 9 WHICH TOOK
THE FIRST PHOTO OF THE SURFACE OF
VENUS.
EARTH
EARTH IS THIRD PLANET FROM THE
SUN AND THE FIFTH LARGEST:
ORBIT:149,600,000 km
DIAMETER:12,756.3 km
MASS: 5.972e24 kg
THE TERM EARTH IS DERIVED FROM
OLD ENGLISH AND GERMANIC .IN THE
ROMAN MYTHOLOGY THE GODDESS
OF HE EARTH TELLUS – THE FERTILE
SOIL.THE LAYERS WHICH HAVE
DISTINCT CHEMICALS AND SCIESMIC
PROPERTIES:
0- 40 Crust
40- 400 Upper mantle
400- 650 Transition region
650-2700 Lower mantle
2700-2890 D'' layer
2890-5150 Outer core
5150-6378 Inner core
MARS IS THE FOURTH PLANET FROM
THE SUN AND THE SEVENTH LARGEST:
ORBIT: 227,940,000 km
DIAMETER:6,794 km
MASS: 6.4219e23 kg
MARS [ GREEK : ARES] IS THE GOD OF
WARS. IT IS ALSO REFERRED AS THE
RED PLANET. THE MONTH MARCH IS
DERIVED AND KEPT AS MARS.
SPACECRAFTS VISITED MARS:
MARINER 2 , TWO VIKING MISSIONS,
MARS 2 , MARS PATHFINDER.
JUPITER
JUPITER IS THE FIFTH PLANET FROM
THE SUN AND BY FAR LARGEST.
ORBIT:778,330,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:142,984 km (equatorial)
MASS:1.900e27 kg.
JUPITER IS THE KING OF GODS ,RULER
OF OLUMPUS AND THE PATRON OF
ROMAN.JUPITER IS THE FOURTH
BRIGHTEST OBJECT AND WAS KNOWN
TO ANCIENT AS WANDERING STAR.THE
FOUR MOON LO, EUROPA, GANYMEDE
CALLISTO WERE DISCOVERED BY
GALILEO GALILEI SO THAT THESE
MOONS ARE CALLED AS GALILEANS.
FASCINATING FACT
• DIAMOND RAIN OCCURS IN THE PLANET
JUPITER.
SATURN
SATURN IS THE SIXTH PLANET FROM
THE SUN AND THE SECOND LARGEST:
ORBIT:1,429,400,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:120,536 km (equatorial)
MASS:5.68e26 kg
IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY THIS
PLANET IS THE GOD OF AGRICULTURE.
THE TERM SATURN IS THE ROOT OF
ENGLISH WORD SATURDAY.THIS
PLANET IS KNOWN FROM
PREHISTORIC TIMES.SPACECRAFTS
VISITED SATURN:NASA PIONEER
11,VOYAGE 1,VOYAGE
2,CASSINI.SATURN IS VERY DENSE
THAN OTHER PLANETS.
SATURN RING STRUCTURE
URANUS
URANUS IS THE SEVENTH PLANET
FROM THE SUN AND THIRD LARGEST:
ORBIT:2,870,990,000 km from Sun
DIAMETER:51,118 km (equatorial)
MASS:8.683e25 kg
URANUS IS THE ANCIENT GREEK
DEITY OF HEAVENS , THE EARLIEST
SUPREME GOD.URANUS WAS
DISCOVERED BY WILLIAM HERSCHEL
WHEN HE WAS SEEING WITH HIS
TELESCOPE ON 13 MARCH,1781.THIS
WAS NAMED BY HIM AS GEORGIUM
SIDUS IN HONOR OF HIS KING
GEORGE III OF ENGLAND.
URANUS WAS VISITED BY ONE
SPACECRAFT VOYAGER 2.URANUS
EQUATOR IS HOTTEST THAN OTHERS.
NEPTUNE
NEPTUNE IS THE EIGHTH PLANET
FROM THE SUN AND THE FOURTH
LARGEST:
km from Sun
DIAMETER:49,532 km
ORBIT:4,504,000,000
MASS:1.0247e26 kg
IN ROMAN MYTHOLOGY ,NEPTUNE IS
CALLED AS THE GOD OF SEA.TWO
CENTURIES BEFORE GALILEO HAVE
SEEN NEPTUNE WHEN HE WAS NEAR
JUPITER,HE THOUGHT IT IS JUST A
STAR.WHEN HE WAS OBSERVING ON
TWO NIGHTS HE SAW THE SLIGHT
MOVE OF NEPTUNE { BUT HE
THOUGHT IT IS A STAR }.
SPACECRAFTS VISITED
NEPTUNE:VOYAGER 2 ON AUG
25,1989.
SATELLITE
DISTANCE
000 KM
RADIUS
KM
NAIAD
48
29
TALASSA
50
DESPINA
MASS
KG
DISCOVERER
DATE
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
40
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
53
74
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
GALATEA
62
79
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
LARISSA
74
96
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
PROTEUS
118
209
?
VOYAGER 2
1989
TRITON
355
1350
2.14e22
LASSEL
1846
NAREID
5509
170
?
KUIPER
1949
HALIMEDE
15728
61
?
2002
SAO
22422
40
?
2002
LOAMEDIA
23571
40
?
2002
STARS FACTS
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Star Facts
The Sun in the center of our solar system is a star.
There are around 200 billion stars in the Milky Way alone.
VY Canis Majoris is the largest known star in our galaxy, if this
star was in the center of our solar system it would reach the
orbit of Saturn.
One of the smallest known stars in the galaxy is VB 10, it is only
around 20% larger than Jupiter.
Some large stars may only exist for a few million years while
very small stars can exist for trillions of years.The lifespan of our
own star, the Sun, is around 10 billion years.
Supernovas are explosions generated by large stars when they
come to the end of their lifespan.
Facts about STARS
• There are only around 2,500 stars visible to the naked eye at any one time in
the night sky.The nearest star to our solar system is Proxima Centauri which is
4.2 light years away.The Sun is part of a single star system but there are
also binary and multiple stars where 2 or more stars orbit around each other.
• Stars are born inside clouds of gas and dust known as nebulas which exist
throughout the galaxy. Some nebulas form from the gravitational collapse of
gas in the interstellar medium while others are the result of the death throws
of a massive star.
• Hydrogen clumps together inside these clouds of gas growing ever larger and
hotter until eventually the early stage of a star called a Protostar is formed. As
gravity collapses the Protostar even more, temperatures in its core become
hot enough
to trigger nuclear fusion. The star is now fusing hydrogen atoms together in its
core creating an enormous amount of energy. The star is now in the stage
known as its main sequence and depending on its size could remain in this
state for billions or possibly even trillions of years.
FASCINATING AND UNBELIVABLE FACT
• DO YOU KNOW WHY SUN ,THE BRIGHTEST
STAR ALWAYS SHINE IN THE SPACE?
A. BECAUSE INSIDE THE SUN 16 BILLION GOLD IS
THERE.WE CAN BECOME A BILLONAIRE ALL
OVER THE WORLD.
DONE BY:
N.ANIRUDH GUPTA
VIII D
ST.MICHAEL’S SCHOOL.