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Insect Pest Identification Workshop Farm Fair 5 December, 2013 Instructors Mary Corp Stuart Reitz Silvia Rondon Steve Van Vleet Program • Introduction to Insect Taxonomy and Basic Morphology • Pest and Beneficials Insects in Wheat • Pest and beneficials Insects in Potato • Summary • Survey Scouting or looking for pests and beneficials • Key to a successful pest control program: regular monitoring • Why ? Because: • Presence/absence • Whether the pests are parasitized or diseased • Whether pest infestation is decreasing or not • Have all what you need • Information available • Data sheet Advantages • Prevention of the problem • Determine the exact cause of the problem • Identify and localize where the problem occurs • Determine the best economic control • Evaluates the efficiency of the control method • What is sampling? technique of selecting a suitable sample, or a representative part of a population • How and where to sample? Insect sampling tools Yellow sticky trap Insect nets Record keeping Basic identification Animal Kingdom, Linnaeus 1758 Kingdom Phylum Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Phylum Phylum Arthropod Class insecta (insects) Class crustacea (lobster, crabs, pill bugs) Class chilopoda (centipids) Class diplopoda (milipids) Class arachnida (spiders and mites) Parts of an insect: how insects became so successful ! • Wings • Legs • Antenna • Mouthparts Head - mouthparts • • • • • Chewing Sucking Siphoning Siphoning/sponging Rasping Thorax Legs Wings Abdomen Some important orders • There are 32 insect orders, but we will concentrate on just 8: Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. • Ptera” means wing, so we define by the wings for most insects Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) • Straight wings is the meaning • The hind wings are folded like a fan and stored under the forewings • Gradual metamorphosis • Grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, walking sticks • Mantids and cockroaches used to be in this order, but now each have their own Hemiptera (stinkbugs, plant bugs, squash bugs) • 2 pair of wings, the hind pair like membrane, the front pair partly hardened • All have a triangular shield on their back • Easily confused with beetles • Nymphs and adults usually feed on the same food • All true bugs: stinkbug, Lygus bug Homoptera (scales, mealygus, whiteflies, cicadas, leafhoppers) • 2 pair of membranous wings • Wings held in tent over body when resting • Nymphs and adults have the same diet • Wings may be missing (aphid*, scale) Coleoptera (beetles, weevils) • The largest order by number of species is Coleoptera • One in five living animal species is a beetle • Underwings are soft and do the flying • Overwings are armored and meet in a straight line down the back • Chewing mouthparts • Complete metamorphosis • Young are called larvae or grubs • Beetles and weevils Diptera (flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges) • The only insects with just 2 wings • The other pair are gone or, halteres • The eyes are very prominent and faceted • Flies, gnats, mosquitoes • Complete metamorphosis • Young are larvae or maggots Hymenoptera(bees, waps, ants, sawflies) • 2 pair of clear, thin, membranous wings • Have a stinger and/or protruding ovipositor • Most are beneficial •Complete metamorphosis •Young are larvae •Wasps, hornets, bees, ants, sawflies Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) Moth • 2 pair of often showy wings, covered with small scales that can easily be rubbed off • Moths usually fly at night, butterflies by day Butterfly PNW 2013 Online now !!!! http://insects.ippc.ors t.edu/pnw/insects?23 POTA01.dat Silvia I. Rondon Hermiston Ag. Res. & Ext. Center 2121 South First Street Hermiston, OR 97838 Phone: (541) 567-8321 E-mail: [email protected] http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/hermiston/ http://cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/entomology_lab/ http://oregonstate.edu/potatoes/ipm/index.htm Disclaimer: Many pictures were taken from the world web for educational purposes only