Download Chapter 5.2: Convection and the Mantle (continued) Learning Target

Chapter 5.2: Convection and the Mantle (continued)
Learning Target: ______________________________________________________
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Convection Currents
KEY CONCEPT: Heating and cooling of a fluid, changes in the fluid’s density and the
force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion.
 Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of particles in ___________. This
movement is called convection currents.
 A convection current starts when there are differences in ___________ and
___________ in a fluid. (Density is the amount of mass in given volume – a high-density
substance feels ___________ for its size.)
 When a fluid is heated, it becomes _______ dense.
 Since the warm fluid is less dense than the cool fluid above it, the warmer fluid
___________ as the cooler fluid ___________.
 The cooler, denser fluid gets ___________ as the warmer less dense fluid begins to
___________.
 The newly heated fluid ___________ again as the cooler fluid _________s again.
 A constant flow of particles begins -transferring heat throughout the liquid.
 This cycle of temperature and density changes are called ___________ ___________.
Convection Currents in Earth
KEY CONCEPT: Heat from the core and the mantle itself causes convection
currents in the mantle.
 The heat inside Earth causes convection currents in the ___________ and
___________ core.
 Convection currents inside Earth are like convection currents in a pot of soup. Hot
materials at the bottom ___________ to the top. Cooler materials at the top
___________ to the bottom.
 Convection currents in the mantle move very ___________. This is because the mantle
is made of solid rock.
 Remember, Earth is like a giant ___________ because of convection currents in the
outer core.
1. The layers of Earth that have convection currents are the ___________ and the
___________ ________.
2. Convection currents happen because of changes in ___________ and ___________.
3. Describe a convection current:
Hot materials ___________ while cooler materials ___________.