Download Cell Theory and Organelles

12/2/2016
Agenda
Biology Unit
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What is a Cell?
Cell Theory
The Animal Cell
Parts of the Cell
What is a Cell?
Examples of Cells
• Definition:
Amoeba Proteus
– A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells.
– Examples: plants, animals, bacteria, fungi
• Cells are the smallest working units of all living
things.
• All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division.
If Cells Are Alive How Do they
Survive?
• All cells have different parts that carry out
important jobs
• These are called ORGANELLES
– The little “organs” of the cell
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“Typical” Animal Cell
There are many types of organelles
• DON’T COPY THIS:
• Just like there are many jobs to get done in
your body, there are many jobs to get done in
a cell. This is why there are many types of
organelles:
– Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes,
cytoskeleton, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria,
Golgi Body Complex, endoplasmic reticulum,
vacuole, lysosomes, centrioles
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
Cell Membrane
• Nickname: “Gate
Keeper”
• Function: Holds
everything in the cell
– Acts like a bouncer at a
club and only lets some
things get into the cell
• Parts: Has a
phospholipid bilayer
– Like a FAT sandwich
Cytoplasm
• Function: Holds the
organelles in place
• Parts: Gel-like consistency
Nucleus
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Nickname: “The
Control Center”
Function: holds the
DNA
Parts:
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Nucleolus: dark spot
in the middle of the
nucleus that helps
make ribosomes
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Ribosome
• Function: Makes proteins
• Parts: Found on endoplasmic reticulum and
floating throughout cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Nickname: “Roads”
• Function: The internal delivery system of the cell
Two Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER:
Smooth ER:
– Rough appearance
because it has
ribosomes
• Function: helps
make proteins,
that’s why it has
ribosomes
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Nickname: The
shippers
Function: packages,
modifies, and
transports materials
to different location
inside/outside of the
cell
Appearance: stack of
pancakes
• Function: makes
fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Golgi Body
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– NO ribosomes
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to
Section:
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Mitochondria
Lysosomes
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• Nickname: “The
Powerhouse”
• Function: Energy
formation
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– Breaks down food to
make ATP
• ATP: is the major
fuel for all cell
activities that
require energy
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Nickname: “Clean-up
Crews”
Function: to break
down food into
particles the rest of
the cell can use and to
destroy old cells
Appearance: circular,
but bigger than
ribosomes
COOL FACT: When the lysosome explodes, the cell breaks
down and dies
Animal Cell
Centrioles
• FUNCTION: Helps animal cells divide
• APPEARANCE: Cylindrical
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Centrioles
Plant Cells
• Plant Cells have all of the above organelles...
and then some
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Cell Wall
• A nonliving structure which surrounds and
supports the cell - composed mostly of
cellulose
– Gives the plant cell structure & support
Vacuole
• Function: Store water
– This is what makes lettuce CRISP
• Appearance: Big, takes up most of the cell
• Thylakoid – flat pancake structure
Chloroplasts
• Granum – stack of thylakoids
• Function: traps energy
from the sun to produce
food for the plant cell
• Green in color because of
chlorophyll, which is a
green pigment
• Stroma – Connect the grana
Plant Cell
Photosynthesis
Cytoplasm
• the conversion of light energy to chemical
energy by chlorophyll in chloroplasts
• Overall Net equation for photosynthesis:
– 6 Water + 6 Carbon dioxide yields glucose + 6
oxygen (when catalyzed by chlorophyll in the
presence of sunlight)
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
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