Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
A.P. Human Geography Spring CRT Student Growth Assessment 5 of 5 Written: 2012-2013 Implemented: 2012-2013 District # 228 SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT Authors: Ed Lipowski, Chris Vitt, Chris Hennessy, Pete Luby APHG Spring CRT (student growth assessment # 5) Directions: Read each question carefully, choose the correct response, and shade the corresponding choice on the answer sheet. 1.In a spatial context, multinational corporations tend to 5. The weakly defined political boundary regions of Antarctica and the Amazon Basin are examples of (A) have localized headquarters and dispersed production centers (B) be situated in many countries (C) move production centers quite quickly (D) situate themselves to minimize costs and maximize influence (E) All of the above (A) maquiladoras (B) regional backwaters (C) cultural cohorts (D) frontiers (E) functional regions 2. In addition to employment and increased pay opportunities, poor rural to urban migrants in LDCs can be influenced by pull factors such as 6. The United Nations developed which statistic as a measure of development in the 1970s to try to quantify economic development? (A) entertainment and increased access to services in cities (B) armed conflicts and disasters in rural areas (C) decreased political corruption and increased police protection in cities (D) increasing land costs for agriculture in rural regions (E) lack of clean water and sanitation availability in new urban settlements (A) Physical Quality of Life Index (B) Purchasing power parity (C) Human Development Index (D) Technology gap (E) Dependency theory 3. All of the following are branches or denominations of Islam EXCEPT 7. Multinational corporations take advantage of geographic differences in (A) Shia (B) Sunni (C) Sufism (D) Quranism (E) Hinduism (A) wage rates (B) labor laws (C) the distribution of natural resources (D) relaxed environmental standards (E) all of the above 4. In the early 1990s, Germany saw East and West Germany come together to form one country. This is the process of 8. Elements of _______ change rapidly over time, but not space, whereas elements of _______ change very little over time, but dramatically over space. (A) regionalism (B) gerrymandering (C) reapportionment (D) reunification (E) supranationalism (A) folk culture . . . pop culture (B) rapid diffusion . . . local diffusion (C) the fast world . . . the slow world (D) pop culture . . . folk culture (E) youth culture . . . elite culture 1 9. The sub-Saharan and Saharan regions of Africa are suffering what environmental problem due to the overgrazing of animals? Use the diagram below to answer questions 14-17: (A) Climate change (B) Acid rain (C) Erosion of topsoil (D) Carbon Dioxide emission increases (E) Desertification 10. What is the biggest downside to gentrification? (A) Older neighborhoods are revitalized (B) Newer neighborhoods are added farther out, creating urban sprawl (C) Property taxes are increased, forcing people out of their homes (D) New transportation systems in older neighborhoods mean the razing of older homes (E) The crime rate increases substantially 11. Globalization involves 14. This urban model best resembles a (A) concentric zone model (B) von Thunen’s model of the Isolated State (C) sector model (D) multiple nuclei model (E) galactic city model (A) an ever-widening spatial scale of economic and social activities (B) increased systems of linkages between places and people (C) a parallel, localization effect (D) (A) and (B) (E) (A), (B), and (C) 15. Is this urban model, land prices would be highest in the area labeled (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E 12. The commonly accepted definition of overpopulation is 16. In the United States following World War II, the ring that would expand most significantly in size would be the area labeled (A) only a small amount of resources are available (B) too many people for the available resources (C) a high population density (D) a high total population (E) a place that experiences high growth rates 13. Mandarin Chinese is the most spoken language in the world. What language branch is it part of? (A) Indo-European (B) Sino-Tibetan (C) Afro-Asiatic (D) Austro-Asiatic (E) Nilo-Saharan (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D (E) E 17. Using the diagram, a model of urban realms that more realistically represents commercial land values can be created by inserting (A) rivers and trails (B) roads and railways (C) airports and schools (D) power plants and ports (E) banks and hospitals 2 18. The Italian language varies significantly between Milan, Rome, Naples, and Palermo. These varieties are examples of (A) pidgins (B) lingua franca (C) language groups (D) dialects (E) idioms 19. Which of the graphs depicts Malthus’ hypothesis regarding food production? 21. Which of the following lists Rostowe’s development model in order? (A) Traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, drive to maturity, takeoff, age of mass consumption (B) Traditional society, takeoff, preconditions for takeoff, age of mass consumption, drive to maturity (C) Preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, traditional society, drive to maturity, age of mass consumption (D) Drive to maturity, traditional society, takeoff, preconditions for takeoff, age of mass consumption (E) Traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, age of mass consumption 22. In the pre-industrial phase of urban settlement in the United States, the economy was dominated by: (A) tertiary activities (B) quaternary activities (C) primary activities (D) secondary activities (E) (A) and (D) (A) Graph 1 (B) Graph 2 (C) Graph 3 (D) Graph 4 (E) None of the graphs represents Malthus’ view of food production 20. Shifting cultivation is most often practiced in (A) alpine tundra (B) tropical forests (C) flood plains (D) deserts (E) boreal forests 23. The most common crop grown using the practice of intensive subsistence farming in the world today is (A) corn (B) wheat (C) soybeans (D) barley (E) rice 24. Increased air pollution, segregation, habitat destruction, inner-city decay, and loss of productive farmlands are all caused by (A) climate change (B) urban sprawl (C) postmodernism (D) ozone depletion (E) gentrification 3 25. Which term below best describes a religion that uses missionaries to spread its faith? 29. Just-in-time delivery refers to what? (A) Ethnic (B) Universalizing (C) Monotheistic (D) Polytheistic (E) Animistic (A) The process of getting food to the market before it spoils (B) The process of producing food in time to meet the demand for the food (C) The process of getting food to the market as people are willing to buy it (D) The process of moving material to reduce cost (E) The process of reducing labor costs to control prices 26. When a country combines its religion with its government, it is called a 30. The language family spoken by the most people on earth today is (A) dictatorship (B) theocracy (C) democracy (D) autocracy (E) oligarchy (A) Germanic (B) English (C) Indo-European (D) Sino-Tibetan (E) Latin 27. What is the pattern in Von Thunen’s model of land use? 31. The Hmong tradition of bringing family members to the United States after some family members have migrated is an example of what? (A) Market gardening, dairy, livestock fattening, commercial grain, livestock ranching (B) Dairy, commercial grain, livestock ranching, livestock fattening, market gardening (C) Commercial grain, livestock fattening, livestock ranching, dairy, market gardening (D) Livestock fattening, livestock ranching, dairy, market gardening, commercial grain (E) Market gardening, livestock farming, livestock ranching, dairy, commercial grain 28. The practice of hiring a foreign third-party service provider to run an operation is called (A) outsourcing (B) offshoring (C) maquiladoras (D) locational interdependence (E) Fordism (A) environmental pull factors (B) intervening opportunity (C) intervening obstacle (D) chain migration (E) brain drain 32. The term “transhumance” refers to (A) nomadic pastoralism that is seasonal (B) slash-and-burn agriculture (C) the mobility of an advanced economic society (D) the movement of liquid in plants (E) the movement of soil on a hillside 4 33. Which religion allows its adherents to follow other religions simultaneously? (A) Buddhism (B) Hinduism (C) Islam (D) Judaism (E) Christianity 37. The first stage of the demographic transition exhibits (A) high birth rates with high but fluctuating death rates (B) declining birth rates with continuing high death rates (C) low birth rates with continuing high death rates (D) high birth rates with declining high death rates (E) high birth rates with low and stable death rates 34. Mecca represents the geographical focal point of which religion? 38. The ratio between distance on a map and distance on the earth’s surface is called the (A) Judaism (B) Hinduism (C) Buddhism (D) Taoism (E) Islam (A) projection (B) resolution (C) scale (D) isoline (E) proruption 35. The theory that the main purpose of a settlement or market town is to furnish goods and services to the surrounding market area is called the 39. The one-child policy in China has been relatively successful in controlling birth rates, natural increase rates, and doubling time. This is an example of what means to control population growth? (A) urban hierarchy theory (B) central place theory (C) concentric zone model (D) multiplier effect (E) rank-size rule 36. Nomadic herding is associated with (A) pastoralism (B) swidden (C) agribusiness (D) deindustrialization (E) dairying (A )increasing death rates (B) decreasing birth rates (C) increasing birth rates (D) decreasing death rates (E) zero population growth 40. The belief that one ethnic group is superior to others is an example of (A) genocide (B) ethnocentrism (C) ethnic conflicts (D) ethnic homeland (E) ethnic landscapes 5 41. In a country where the rate of natural increase (RNI) is a negative number, an expected secondary effect of this population situation would be (A) a decrease in the per capita gross national product (B) fewer women entering management, scientific and political positions (C) a repeal of open-border policies (D) decreased government protection of natural environments (E) an increase in foreign guest workers immigrating to fill jobs 42. Olives, dates, and grapes are agricultural products practiced in what type of farming? (A) plantation agriculture (B) Mediterranean agriculture (C) subsistence agriculture (D) pastoral nomadism (E) slash-and-burn agriculture 45. Which of the following is NOT a centripetal force? (A) National anthem (B) Homogeneous population (C) Monolingual society (D) National education system (E) Religious diversity 46. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary industrial regions in the world economy? (A) Northeastern United States (B) Central Europe (C) Russia and Ukraine (D) Eastern South America (E) East Asia 43. Fisheries, mining and timber are types of economic production that are part of the 47. Total fertility rate is NOT closely correlated with which of the following? (A) primary sector (B) secondary sector (C) tertiary sector (D) quaternary sector (E) quinary sector (A) Industrial output (B) Gender empowerment (C) Education (D) Economic development (E) Literacy rates 44. Which of the following does NOT represent an international organization? (A) NAFTA (B) EU (C) OPEC (D) NATO (E) CIA 48. Which of the following does NOT represent an extensive commercial agricultural activity? (A) Ranching (B) Plantation farming (C) Dairying (D) Nomadic herding (E) Feeder grain production 6 49. The near secession of Quebec from Canada in 1995 was based on what cultural factor? (A) Religion (B) Language (C) Nationality (D) Ethnicity (E) Race 52. What is the process called when people move away from the central business district due to dissatisfaction with the urban policies and lifestyle? (A) Blockbusting (B) Redlining (C) Counterurbanization (D) Decentralization (E) Gentrification 50. Which of the following best describes the shape of the state of Thailand? 53. Which process has allowed much of Asia’s population to be fed? (A) Prorated (B) Rectangular (C) Elongated (D) Compact (E) Perforated (A) Plantation agriculture (B) Double cropping (C) Soil tilling (D) Desertification (E) Terraced irrigation 54. The use of the English language by all commercial airline pilots worldwide for the purpose of air-traffic control safety would be an example of (A) transnational migration (B) relocation diffusion (C) a lingua franca (D) multiplier effects (E) a footloose industry 51. Which of the following is a push factor? (A) Dissatisfaction with current jobs (B) Higher-paying jobs elsewhere (C) An attractive retirement community elsewhere (D) A pleasant climate (E) Safer communities elsewhere 55. You are a furniture maker and use pinewood to make tables and chairs. It costs about the same to ship the pinewood to your factory as it does to bring your furniture to the market as both have close to the same weight. Where do you put your factory in relation to the pine forest and the market to minimize transportation costs? (A) Closer to the market (B) Closer to the forest (C) Anywhere you want in between them (D) Closest to the nearest waste facility to minimize transportation costs of waste (E) Farthest away from the other furniture maker to ensure maximum market 7 56. Which of these figures demonstrates the largest dependency ratio? 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 6 5 4 321 01 2 34 56 7 Male % Female Detroit, MI (76% African-American) (a) Naples, FL (42% over age 65) (b) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7 6 543210 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Male % Female Honolulu, HI (71% Asian-American) (c) 7 654321012345 6 7 Male % USA Female (A) Figure a (B) Figure b (C) Figure c (D) Figure d (E) Not enough information to answer the question 8 57. The latitude and longitude coordinates of a place are an example of 62. Tertiary economies are focused on what type of economic activity? (A) a formal region (B) a functional region (C) an absolute location (D) a relative location (E) a perceptual region (A) Primary industries (B) Secondary industries (C) Management industries (D) Farming (E) Service-based economies 58. These makeshift neighborhoods, constructed of scrap materials, are found in all of the world’s large peripheral cities. 63. London, Paris, Buenos Aires, and Mexico City are all (A) Squatter settlements (B) Edge cities (C) Swidden lands (D) Regional centers (E) Gentrified districts 59. What was the basic industry of Pittsburgh during the early development of the city? (A) Steel (B) Glass (C) Automobiles (D) Leather products (E) Furniture (A) world cities (B) primate cities (C) edge cities (D) Spanish-speaking cities (E) megalopolises 64. Pork production and hog raising are almost nonexistent in the Islamic world. What best explains this lack of pork production? (A) Ethnic taboos do not allow Muslims to eat pork (B) Religious guidelines do not allow Muslims to eat pork (C) The pork is not a customary food preference in the Islamic diet (D) Muslim’s dietary preferences tend more toward cattle production (E) The Islamic religion exalts vegans as having religious purity 60. The Wheat Belt in the United States corresponds with what region? 65. Which of the following is an example of a nation without a state? (A) Pacific Northwest (B) Southeast (C) Midwest (D) Desert Southwest (E) Great Plains (A) Israel (B) Palestine (C) Texas (D) Jamaica (E) Yugoslavia 61. In what country are the most Basque speakers found? (A) Denmark (B) Finland (C) Luxembourg (D) Spain (E) Germany 66. The central place theory posits which geographic principles are essential for the economic success of commercial establishments? (A) Threshold and range (B) Market area and economic structure (C) Threshold and globalization (D) Employment structure and range (E) Range and globalization 9 67. Which continent has the highest total fertility rates? (A) Africa (B) Asia (C) South America (D) Europe (E) Australia 68. The process of gerrymandering is best described by (A) the establishment of new city, county or state governments more favorable to business interests and wealthy citizens (B) the creation of new voting districts that have irregular boundaries designed to favor a particular candidate or political party (C) the delineation of areas where insurance companies do not wish to sell policies to homeowners due to race, ethnicity or income differences (D) the expansion of city limit boundaries to include new suburbs and areas of city utility infrastructure (E) the random overlapping of public service districts where the boundaries of school systems, public utility services and political boundaries do not match 69. When several large urban areas essentially merge together to from an even larger urban complex, it’s called a(n) (A) urban agglomeration (B) megacity (C) city conglomerate (D) megolopolis (E) megatropolis 70. The multiplier effect is (A) the addition of non-basic workers to an urban economy that has added more basic workers (B) a ratio of urban to rural workers in an economy (C) the ratio of city workers to farm workers in an economy (D) the addition of rural jobs created by the urban economy (E) the multiple jobs eliminated by foreign workers 71. NATO and the Warsaw Pact can be best described as (A) regional organizations based on economic cooperation (B) early attempts at free-trade zones in Europe (C) partners in combating irredentism in the former Yugoslavia (D) military allies during World War II (E) supranational organizations based on military cooperation 72. The Green Revolution included which of the following? (A) Irrigation projects (B) Increased use of biocides (C) The development of “miracle seeds” (D) Hybridization methods (E) All of the above 73. Which of the following items below is an absolute location? (A) 10 miles east of Pittsburgh (B) Washington (C) 3 degrees south (D) 479 Elm Street, Muncie, Indiana (E) Prime Meridian 74. The replacement rate in developed countries is a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is about (A) 0.1 (B) 1.1 (C) 2.1 (D) 3.1 (E) 4.1 75. The center and place of origin of a cultural tradition is called a (A) culture center (B) cultural complex (C) cultural trait (D) culture hearth (E) cultural genesis 10