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Unit 4 Homework Questions for Instructor Chapter 5: Jainism: A Study in Asceticism 1: What elements of Brahmanism was Jainism a reaction to? 2: Who was Parshva? Mahivira’s Manner of Life 3: Who is Nataputta Vardhammana? 4: When Mahavira began his quest what were his two basic convictions? 5: Who was Goshala? 6: What is ahimsa? 7: What is asceticism? Provide an example: 8: What is a Jina? What, then, a Jain? Philosophy and Ethics of Jainism 9: How does Jainism differ from Brahmanism and Buddhism on: karma; the soul; matter; and salvation? Be sure to include in your answers the following terms: ajiva; jiva; The Siddhas; transtheistic; and mention of the 5 great vows: Mahavira’s Followers: 10: what is a Tirthankara? 11: what are the major emphases of the three sects of Jainism? The Shvetambaras; the Digambaras; and, the Sthanakavasis: 12: According to the Jains, the golden age of humanity is past, present, or future? Comment: Chapter 6: Buddhism in Its First Phase: Moderation in World Renunciation: 1: what other term or phrase does the Buddhist religion go by? 2: How are the religions of Jainism and Buddhism similar? How different? Life of the founder 3: what can we know for sure about the founder? How reliable are the sources? 4: How do the lives of Buddha and Mahavira parallel each other? 5: What was Siddartha Gautama’s early life like? 6: What were the four passing sights that triggered his quest for enlightenment? 7: Summarize the Buddha’s ordeal in reaching enlightenment. Provide just the highlights: 8: Summarize the Buddha’s enlightenment experience. Provide just the highlights: 9: Define the terms, Tathagata, arahat, and Sangha 10: What are the three refuges? 11: List the 10 precepts. Which are for laity? Which are for monks? 12: Comment on how women were allowed to become nuns: 13: What is parinirvana? The Teachings of the Buddha 14: What was the Buddha’s position on speculation regarding metaphysical matters? 15: What was the Buddha’s position on religious devotion? 16: What was the Buddha’s understanding of karma? 17: What are the five skandhas? 18: What is the Buddha’s view on transmigration? 19: What is dependent origination? 20: Define annica, anatta, and dukkha 21: What are the 4 Noble Truths? What is the origin of the word “noble”? 22: List the steps of the 8-fold path: 23: What are the ten fetters? 24: Analyze the elements of the 8-fold path. How are they arranged or ordered? 25: What is nirvana and what can be said about it? 26: Comment on the early stages of the Buddhist notion of love: Chapter 7: The Religious Development of Buddhism: Diversity in Paths to Nirvana 1: looking at the map on page 165 (13th edition) identify the type of and percentage of Buddhism in the following locations: India; Pakistan; Nepal; Tibet; Myanmar; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam; Kampuchea; Malaysia; Taiwan; Korea; Japan; Philippines; Indonesia. 2: Summarize the process by which the Buddhist scriptures (the Tripitaka) came into being: 3: Who was Asoka and how did he affect Buddhism? 4: What are the chief characteristics of Theravedin Buddhism: 5: What are the four dhyanas and the further four dhyanas? 6” Define a wat, bot, and a stupa: The Rise of the Mahayana in India: 7: distinguish between the terms Mahayana and hinayana: 8: what is the Tushita heaven and how does it factor in the development of Mahayana Buddhism? 9: Comment on the myth-making process that led to knowledge of other Buddhas and Bodhisattvas: The Spread of Buddhism in Northern Lands: 10: Is the evidence for Buddhism in China during the reign of Ming Di more positive than negative? Explain: 11: What factors worked against Buddhism in China? What factors worked for it? 12: How did Buddhism complete what was missing from Confucianist and Taoist emphases and 13: thus come to be welcomed alongside these other two religions of China? 14: When did Buddhism make its way into Korea? Was it successful? 15: When did Buddhism make its way into Japan? Was it initially well received? What happened? 16: What was the Buddhism in Tibet called? (hint: more than one answer here): 17: Why did Buddhism decline in India and what is the current percent of the population today that is considered Buddhist? The Help-Of-Others Message of the Mahayana: 18: What is the basic appeal of Mahayana Buddhism? 19: Who are the Manushi Buddhas? 20: Who is Maitreya? 21: Who is Avalokita? 22: Who is Kshitigrahbha? 23: How do the Dhyani Buddhas, the Tathagatas, differ from bodhisattvas and the Manushi Buddhas? 24: Who is Amitabha? The Mahayana Philosophies of Religion 25: Summarize briefly the main features of the Sthaviravadins: 26: Summarize briefly the main features of the Sammatiya school: 27: Summarize briefly the main features of the Sarvastivadins: 28: Summarize briefly the main features of the Madhyamika school: 29: Summarize briefly the main features of the Yogacara school: 30: Summarize briefly the main features of Buddhist Tantrism: 31: What is prajna-paramita? 32: Using the chart on page 185 (13th edition) explain the Trikaya or Triple Body: Mahayana Schools of Thought in China and Japan: 33: Summarize briefly the main features of the Pure Land Schools: Jing-tu and Jodo 2 points: 34: What are the four normative conditions of the Chan and Zen Schools? 35: Who was Bodhidharma and what were the emphases of the Chan School that he helped to develop? 36: Who was the Sixth Patriarch? Briefly summarize his story: 37: What is satori? What is meant by “actualizing nonduality”? 38: What are a few of the methods for halting duality-reasoning? 39: Summarize the impact that nonduality type of reasoning has upon gender issues: 40: How did Zen exercise influence upon the arts? Rationalist Schools: Tian-tai in China: 41: Who were the founders of the Tian-tai school and what was their basic insight? 42: Summarize the developments and insights that led to Tendai in Japan: Esoteric or Mystery Schools: 43: Summarize the developments and insights of the Esoteric or Mystery Schools, Zhen-yan and Shingon: 44: Trace the developments and insights of the Nichiren School: Buddhism in Tibet: 45: Summarize briefly how and when Buddhism came to Tibet: 46: What is the “Red Hat” sect of Buddhism? 47: What role did Kublai Khan play in establishing Buddhism in Tibet? 48: What apparently strange twist of logic is at the heart of Tantric Buddhism? 49: Define the following terms: mandala; mantras; mudras; and Bon: 50: What is the function of the prayer wheel? 51: What is the meaning and function of “Om mani padme hum”? 52: What is a lama? 53: What or who is the Dalai Lama? 54: How is the Dalai Lama selected? Buddhism Today 55: Summarize briefly Buddhism in: Myanmar; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Cambodia and Vietnam; Tibet and China; Women in Buddhism