Download Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle • Plants and animals are linked for

Adaptations, Environmental Change and the Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle Summative Review
Test: Thursday, April 13th
Carbon Dioxide-Oxygen Cycle
 Plants and animals are linked for survival through the carbon dioxide – oxygen cycle.
 Plants undergo photosynthesis to make their own food.
 Plants need sunlight, water and carbon dioxide in order to go through photosynthesis.
 Plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis.
 Animals take in the oxygen from the plants and give off carbon dioxide.
 Plants take in the carbon dioxide from the animals and use it for photosynthesis.
Add carbon to the atmosphere:
 Factories
 Cars
 Burning fossil fuels
 Erupting volcanoes
 Animal respiration
 Burning wood
 Cutting down trees
Oxygen:
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Planting more trees increases oxygen
Plants remove carbon dioxide from the
air
Environmental Changes
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Overhunting and overfishing can harm or destroy populations of organisms.
o Example: On the East Coast, fish called cod used to be very common. Overfishing caused
these populations to decline so much that they are now very rare in these areas. The larger
predatory fish that depended on these fish had to move or find other sources of food.
Humans can also accidentally introduce new organisms into ecosystems. These organisms can use up
food, space, and water that other organisms need. These animals or plants are called invasive species.
They often grow faster or use food that the native species depended on.
o For example, an Asian Tiger Shrimp was introduced to waters here in the United States. It is
causing native shrimp populations to decline. The Tiger Shrimp grows to be larger, eats more,
and grows faster than the populations that grow naturally in those waters.
If species are removed from an ecosystem, then it can change the food web. The organisms that eat
that species would have to find another food source.
o For example, if rabbits were removed from a prairie animals like coyotes might starve or have to
find another food source. The coyote population might decrease. The grasses that the rabbits
eat would overgrow without the rabbits to eat them.
Humans use Earth’s resources. We take up space, grow and eat food, breathe air, use energy, and
produce waste. Humans have a greater effect on their environment than ever before.
o For example, humans sometimes drain wetlands to build houses and other structures. They
sometimes turn fields into landfills for trash. These changes may help humans find shelter and
get rid of waste, but they can harm the other living things in the surrounding environment. They
might also build roads through forests which would harm animals.
Animals change their environment too.
o For example, beavers build dams in streams. This can cause a large lake to form which would
give fish more room to live.
Adaptations
Plants:
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Obtain Water: long root systems that spread out or go deep
Conserve Water: leaves with hair to shade plant, small and leathery to keep from losing water,
seasonal leaves that grow after it rains or no leaves at all
Obtain sunlight: large in size, turn with movement of the sun
Protection: spines, poisonous or taste bad, bacteria on spines
Stay Warm: dark color to absorb heat, small size, grow in clumps
Animals:
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Food
o Type of teeth to eat meat, plants or both
o Beaks:
Cracking seeds
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catching food in
Water with pouch
tearing and eating meat
Movement
o Feet:
Swimming
perching
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nectar
digging
hooves for
Protecting feet
Tails: thick strong tails for balancing and protection, long thin tails for swinging in trees
Protection
o Mimicry- resemble another organism that is poisonous or harmful
o Camouflage- blend in with their environment
o Body Coverings- fur, blubber, scales (protect against cold or hot)
o Awareness of Surroundings- antennae, whiskers, eyesight, hearing
o Warning colors
Vocabulary to Know:
Migration: the seasonal movement of animals from one place to another
Hibernation: when an animal becomes still in an enclosed space and reduces bodily functions to save energy
Mimicry: the resemblance of an organism to another organism or to its surroundings that gives it a better chance of
survival