Download Key broad, persistent or deciduous, flowers pedicellate.. Pereskia

Cactaceae
by
A.L. Stoffers
(Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde, Utrecht)
Stemsucculents, branched
stems or
leaves;
unbranched, columnar, globose
or
internodes, usually
with
very
and internodes often with
stems
warts
or
the
with thick flattened
ribs, bearing areoles in the axils of
often absent leaves. Areoles mostly covered with felty hairs
on
or
small scale-like and awl-shaped, rarely foliaceous
and
areoles, mostly solitary, usually actinomorphous, hermaphrodite; the short
long receptacle
with
areoles and
in
groups
inserted
the inner face of
on
the
dehiscent
or
not.
or
many-seeded juicy berry
a
Seeds with straight
or
or
sometimes
with longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary
unilocular, many-carpellate; style simple; stigma mostly capitate. Ovules
Fruit
spirally
numerous,
hypanthium; filaments free
adnate to the base of the petals; anthers 2-celled,
eral parietal placentas.
or
sepal-like bracts which gradually pass into the perianth;
perianth indistinctly differentiated into sepals and petals. Stamens
or
the
spines. Flowers borne
curved embryo;
or
many, on sev-
sometimes dry
and
then
peri- and endosperm present
wanting.
Perhaps
2000
species
almost all natives of
salis
in
in
a
various
tropical
Africa; Opuntia
and
number, ranging
from 20 to
subtropical America
ficus-indica is naturalised in
180—200
and there in
the
dry
still
areas;
ill-defined
a few
species
Mediterranean,South Africa,
genera;
of
Rhip-
and Austra-
lia.
Key
1.
to
the
genera:
flat and broad, persistent
Leaves
Leaves wanting
2.
Glochids
when
but
not
3.
Plants
ribbed
deciduous, flowers pedicellate..
barbed bristles accompanying spines
stems
or
stems
or
distinctly jointed; joints cylindric
2
even
or
often
3 —5-angled or
Stems
7—20-ribbed
-winged
but
not
producing
normally rooting from
Stems
present
flattened,
Opuntia
often constricted
clambering,
Pereskia
deciduous; flowers sessile
winged
or
wanting;
climbing
or
small and early
lacking);
are
Plants terrestrial,
4.
very
present (short
spines
Glochids
or
the
distinctly
aerial
base only
roots
jointed
3
4
6
5
Selenicereus
143
Receptacle-tube bearing broad leafy scales,
5.
Receptacle-tube bearing conspicuous
areoles
spineless
Hylocereus
with brown felt and subulate spines
Acanthocereus
Stems
6.
7.
Stems
of
to
globular
Stems
7
short-cylindric
8
elongate
ridged,
not
tuberculate; flowers produced in cephalia (dense terminal
woolly hairs and reddish bristles)
Stems
each
tuberculate,
tubercle
capping the plant
crowned
by
flowers produced laterally
diating bristles;
a
tuft of spines accompanied by
below
the
apex
in
Mammillaria
Fruit globose, spiny; areoles without long hairs;
the
near
9.
stems
with shallow constrictions
Lemaireocereus
top
Fruit ovoid
subglobose, naked;
or
young
areoles usually with long
Fruit subglobose, perianth campanulate, persistent,
constrictions
stems
often
the top
near
Fruit
ovoid, perianth
tions
near
the top
funnelshaped, deciduous;
20 cm
at
hairs...
with
9
shallow
Cephalocereus
stem
with
numerous
constric-
distance
Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4.
Opuntia Miller,
ra-
axils of tubercles;
cephalium wanting
8.
mass
Melocactus
Cereus
1754
Cacti, sometimes with definitetrunk, usually much branching from the base; branches
often spreading, reclining
or
flattened, usually
glochids, hairs
in clusters,
and
naked
or
prostrate; ultimate branches (joints) cylindric
flowers.
Leaves
globose
small, roundish, early deciduous. Spines solitary
sheathed, of various colour;
or
to
fleshy but sometimes woody. Areoles axillary, bearing spines,
very
above the spines. Flowers
one at
an
glochids usually
areole, of various colour. Sepals
numerous,
green
or
borne
or more or
less coloured, grading into the petals. Petals widely spreading, of various colour. Stamens
much
shorter than
the
petals,
sensitive.
Style 1, thick; stigma short-lobed. Ovary
inferior, unilocular, bearing leaves, the areoles often with spines and glochids. Fruit
berry, dry
a
or
juicy, spiny
or
spineless, globular, ovoid
or
ellipsoid.
a
Seeds covered by
hard, bony aril, flattened. Embryo curved. Cotyledons large.
About 250
species
species
from Massachusetts to British Colombia
have been naturalized
south to the Strait of Magellan; several
and have become very abundant
locally
in the Old World and Austra-
lia.
Key
1.
to
the
species:
Leeward
2
Group
Windward Group
2.
Plant
the
prostrate
transverse
or
4
partly ascending; joints 3—9
section oblong-elliptic
to
cm
long, oblong to oblong-ovate,
roundish; joints readily
detached
....
O.
Plants erect; joints
144
more or
less
disk-like
curassavica
3
3.
Joints blue-greenish,
with
areoles
few
straight, brown; flowers dark-yellow
spines
and
small
O.
Joints greyish-green; spines greyish-white; flowers yellow
4.
in
Joint flat and somewhat oval
Joints
5.
more
less
or
Plants developing
or
6—8
Plants usually without
mottled with
O.
cross-section
triacantha
falcate; trunks
to
50
up to
branches
O.
trunk; joints of
stem
obovate
yellow and brown; fruit pear-shaped
oblong,
to
MILLER,
(L.)
subglobose, purplish,
to
299.
Rec.
1919; HUMMELINCK,
Zakflora
101, fig.
Plant.
Spec.
NAEUS,
56.
1768;
URBAN,
Ind. Isl. 2: 81.
Trav.
1964;
469.
7.
no.
Fl. D.W.
1913;
Bot. Neerl.
Gekw.
en
nutt.
Symb.
1914;
long,
cm
Ned.
20-jointed; joints
wide, in transversal section oblong
easily rooting.
Leaves
&
1910; BOLDINGH, Fl. Ned.
Zakflora
1938; ARNOLDO,
Ant.
120.
1971;
1:
Cactaceae
ROSE,
—
fig.
102,
56.
42, fig.
minute,
metimes yellowish when
4.5 —5
in diam.
or
sometimes partly
ovate
to
elliptic, 3—8.5
to
cm,
green,
withering. Areoles round
soon
erect
about
obovate,
becoming white in
young,
numerous,
cuneate to
to
mm
3
plant;
times
stems
to
long
as
as
readily detached and
elliptic with
long and
not
8 —10
mm
Vernacular
Opuntia
MILLER,
libra, infrou,
1914;
ed. 8.
no.
BRITTON &
Bot. Neerl.
1964;
Gekw.
35: 39.
en
nutt.
10—20
(—40)
cm
4.
ROSE,
to 25
x
the top. Flo6 —7 mm
15 mm,
c.
1
mm
yellow.
many
glochids and
of c.
long. Ovary obconical,
in diam., with 12—20 spineless areoles
Bonaire,
and
some
in
the axils of
long white cobweb-
Tortuga.
outside
the limestone
kaka
poesji (Leeward Group)
di
1768; BOLDINGH,
Cactaceae
1938; Arnoldo,
pi.
Densely bushy-branched
lar,
at
deep and
region.
Mill.
Gard. Diet.
Isl. 2: 81.
74.
names:
elatior
Klein
plant, especially
common
brown
mm
or so-
seen.
Aruba, Bonaire, Curasao,
Rather
4—5
glo-
many
250—300, covering the receptacle except for the central part
1—1.5 mm long, triangular scales, bearing
by hairs. Fruits
usually
spathulate, mucronulate, up
diam.; filaments 3 —6 mm long; anthers versatile,
25—30
Trav.
age,
long, diurnal. Receptacle funnelshaped,
Tepals broadly
Stamens
3 mm
cm
1954;
Cactus curassavicus LIN-
chids and long, white, cobwebby hairs. Spines 2—14, straight, spreading, whitish
wers
W.
125.
1753.
about
to
up
Ant. 4: 433.
BRITTON
35: 37.
pi.
Strongly branched, spreading and prostrate
80
dillenii
Mill.
ed. 8.
Gard. Diet.
Ind. Eil.
rubescens
grey-green,
O.
curassavica
cm
usually unbranched; fruit
long
cm
a
the
not-jointed trunk; joints of
smooth
Opuntia
elatior
wentiana
5
an erect
ovoid, pendulous,
O.
flat
long, narrowly oblong
more
wine-red,
to
glochids
Ned.
erect
Ant.
plant,
1:
Fl. Ned. W. Ind. Eil. 300.
153, plate XXVI, fig.
ZAKFLORA
120.
44, figs 55,
74.
2.
1913;
Fl. D.W.
1919; HUMMELINCK,
1954;
Zakflora
Ind.
Rec.
101, figs 55,
1971.
4
up to
m
tall; joints obovate
long, thick fleshy, olive-green.
Leaves 4 mm
to
oblong or orbicu-
long,
green
with red-
145
dish tips.
Areoles
unequal,
or
mucronate,
5-lobed. Fruit obovoid
green,
reddish, pulp dark red.
Islands in
Rather
Gulf
of
names:
wentiana
Opuntia
BRITTON &
ROSE,
NOLDO, Zakflora
ler; BOLDINGH,
DINGH, Fl.
to
near the rim
Br. &
4
mm
Cactaceae
1: 116.
chau
Eil.
mm
cm
141.
1913,
erect
non
plant,
—
2
mm
the
4—7
receptacle except
(—24)
common
Vernacular
11—20 mm
Uses:
the
Opuntia
SWEET,
of Venezuela
cactus
names:
plants
in
scorched
(Willd.)
Hort. Brit. 172.
ROSE,
146
Virgin
&
Isl. 5:
Martinique
in
of
spaanse
x
thick
on
BOL-
to
elliptic
or
oval,
to
orange to
part
2—7
whitish,
rosa.
30
up to
Stamens
of c. 5 mm
20—30
cm
deep and
mm
x
nume-
diam;
( —35)
fila-
mm
1—2
glochids and short woolly hairs;
at
1.5—2
vegetation
the base
cm,
and 2
mm
at
the top;
usually red; pulp dark red.
and
La
Goajira.
Aruba, Bonaire,
and
Curasao.
juffer (Leeward Group).
dry periods
1: 141.
and
used
as
cattle food.
1:
112.
1978;
—
Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl. 302.
1909; Fl.
Ned.
3.
triacanthos
158.
WILLDENOW,
['1864'] (auth.: Haworth);
1913
1919; BRITTON
Fl. Isl. St. Bartholomew
Cactus
1860
W. Ind. Isl. 299.
plate XVIII, fig.
610.1924; QUESTEL,
1036.
in
slightly glaucous. Leaves
cuneate, mucronulate,
adjacent islands, Paraguana,
1826; GRISEBACH,
BRITTON &
loupe
to
green
many
Mil-
(L.)
SHAFER,
Sweet
Fl. D.W. Ind. Isl.
Cactaceae
1940; AR-
non
Gibbes.
for the central
3—5 mm
long,
all types
infrou,
BOLDINGH,
Rico &
and
nearly
tuna,
are
triacantha
BRITTON &
spines, greyish
to
445.
auct.
in diam, with 15 —30 spineless areoles in the axils of
mm
stigma 5—9-lobed. Fruit pear-shaped, 2.5—4
Very
Tobago 1:
Opuntia tuna
tall; joints obovate
m
long triangular scales, each areole bearing
coast
mature
Curasao.
long; anthers versatile. Ovary obconical, (15 —)
style obclavate (5—)
Northern
tunoidea
the top, pale
Inner tepals broadly obovate
mm
15—20
long and
—
tunoides
Opuntia
Opuntia
up to
at
1964;
first yellow, afterwards becoming somewhat
5—12
ments
stigma
long, when
diurnal. Receptacle funnel-shaped, 6 —8
long,
250—300, covering
rous,
53.
101, fig.
1909;
long, roundish
4 —6 cm
across.
and
in Fl. Trinidad &
1919; CHEESMAN,
1:
300.
strongly branched
mm, at
cm
versatile.
so;
wide.
small and subulate, caducous. Areoles with
25
anthers
(Leeward Group).
Zakflora
Ind. Isl.
Ind.
W.
thick fleshy, 9—20
9—14
4—5
red
filaments
200—300;
of the receptacle;
in di-
with
R.
Fl. D.W.
long. Flowers
numerous,
more,
5 —6 cm
higher altitudes.
43, fig. 53.1954;
Ned.
Stamens
nearly globose, truncate,
to
shangran,
tuna,
sometimes
long, dark-yellow striped
cm
Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Aruba, Bonaire,
in
or
long and wide; areoles unarmed or nearly
Seeds about
frequent, especially
Vernacular
few
2 cm
c.
2
c.
the base.
stamens inserted
red, the longer
Ovary obovoid-turbinate,
4—8
long, dark-brownblack tipped. Flowers
cm
salmon-red to red, yellow towards
pink
A
apart, minutely hairy, with (2—)
cm
2—7
diurnal. Tepals obovate,
am.,
or
2—4
spines,
terete
&
(auth.:
WILSON,
P.
DeCandolle);
Sci. Surv. Porto
1941; FOURNET,
Enum. PI.
Fl. Guade-
Suppl.
34.
1813.
Stems
usually few-branched, half-procumbent
nal and often the second
4 cm
clambering
or
but always low. Joints compressed, oblong
erect
even
long
and
third
to
long, the termi-
cm
breaking off easily; spines usually 3, acicular,
one
less, white but often drying yellowish. Flowers
or
sometimes
rocks,
over
oval, 4—8
long the
5 cm
inclu-
ovary
ded, brownish-yellow to cream-coloured, tinged with pink. Petals obtuse; filaments and
style pale-green. Fruit
Puerto
In
Lesser
Rico,
long, red, spineless.
Antilles south
Guadeloupe.
to
SALM-DYCK,
Isl.
gin
in
Salm-Dyck
5: 611.
1: 208, figs 263, 264,
catacantha LINK &
174.
1862;
1862:
OTTO,
Fl. Ned. W.
BOLDINGH,
6 m
up to
10—25
cm
cept when
non
trunk
tall;
long
drier
dillenii
300.
5 —8 cm
5(3):
362, fig.
Consolea
159.
cathacantha
Fl.
Ind.
with
1910;
1862:
1899 p.p., non
Isl.
flat,
2—4
mostly
apart, bearing
1
141.
1:
up
thin,
times
not
Opuntia
Rev. Hort.
jointed, nearly cylindric and
ascending,
rubescens
—
Ant. 4: 432.
LEMAIRE,
2nd ed. 705.
D.W.
1941;
Miller;
1909.
cm in
15
to
dark-green
as
long
to
wide,
as
reticulate-areolate ex-
—6 (or sometimes more) acicular,
spineless; glochids
brownish.
Flowers yellow,
oran-
long, spiny
or
cm
long, about 1.5
spineless. The species
the ground develop
new
cm
in diam. Fruit
possesses
prolife-
plants.
1913;
278.
of the islands.
Succ. 79.
BRITTON &
Ant.
120, fig.
pe &
Martinique
126.
prickle (St. Martin).
1819; BOLDINGH,
ROSE,
Ant. 8;
Cactaceae 1:
466.
1920;
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
1926; QUESTEL,
1953;
sweet
Haw.
(Ker-Gawl.)
WILSON,
161.
on
prickle,
1919; URBAN, Symb.
BRITTON &
maica
or
—
diam. Petals obovate, apiculate, spreading. Stamens about half
parts
name: sour
HAWORTH, Suppl. Plant.
2.
not
branches
1978;
1837; URBAN, Symb.
Mon. Cact.
BRITTON &
Guadeloupe.
in the
Vernacular
fig.
erect,
long spines
2 cm in
subglobose,
to
Rico to
Ind. Eil.
Consolea
Miller; BOLDINGH,
1—1.5 cm
rating ovaries which falling
Opuntia
—
the petals. Ovary long-tuberculate, 4—5
as
Common
1913;
1036.
1910;
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Vir-
St. Bartholomew
Cact. 166.
obovate-oblong joints,
to
Areoles
1—6 cm
red, about
Puerto
299.
Enum.
FL. Isl.
Ant. 4: 433.
WILSON,
Guadeloupe & Martinique
PFEIFFER,
auct.
&
long; the terminaljoint often much smaller; joints
young.
nearly white,
obovoid
1828; URBAN, Symb.
1919; BRITTON
1862; QUESTEL,
below, flattened above;
reddish-green, oblong
ge or
in
Ind. Eil.
Opuntia spinossissima
diam.
174.
266.
Opuntiaspinosissima K. SCHUMANN,
—
Tree-like,
Fl.
1924; FOURNET,
Rev. Hort.
LEMAIRE,
Prodr. 3: 474.
DECANDOLLE,
Cactaceae
ROSE,
Spanish lady (Windward Group).
name:
rubescens
Opuntia
as
cm
dry vegetations.
Vernacular
—
2.5
GOODING
et
BRITTON &
Virgin
Fl. Barbados
1978;
—
Cactus
dillenii
MILLSPAUGH,
Isl. 5: 610.
Fl. Isl. St. Bartholomew
al.,
1971; ADAMS, Flowering plants
1037.
Fl. D.W. Ind. Isl. 1:
300.
1913;
Fl. Ned.
W.
162, fig. 201, plate XXVIII, fig. 2, plate XXIX,
302.
158.
1941;
LEON &
1965; ARNOLDO,
of Jamaica 274.
KER-GAWLER,
Bahama
1924; FAWCETT
in
&
ALAIN,
Gekw.
en
1972; FOURNET,
Edwards,
Fl. 296.
RENDLE,
Bot.
1920;
Fl. Ja-
Fl. Cuba
nutt.
pi.
3:
Ned.
Fl. Guadelou-
Reg.
3:
pi.
255.
1818.
147
in broad
Shrubby, spreading plant, growing
3
to
or up
with
15 cm,
tall, sometimes with
m
less undulate margin, bright
a more or
and
clumps
often
when
green
dense
forming
trunks; joints obovate
terete
to
oblong,
1—4
or
of up to 7
(—10),
long spines, usually
cm
more or
less
to
25
x
bluish-green and
young,
somewhat glaucous afterwards. Areoles slightly raised, rather few, with
ber,
thickets,
up
a
various
flattened
and
num-
curved
sometimes straight and terete, yellowish and brown-banded or mottled; brownish in
age.
Glochids
the
often
apex,
yellow, wool in areoles short, sometimes brown
numerous,
long,
9 cm
wers
ovary
included, with
tingedwith salmon-pink
filaments greenish-yellow; style
rous;
shaped to subglobose, narrowed
at
4 cm
10 yellow petals,
c.
near the
base, broadly
thick, white;
the base,
white. Flo-
or
long and 3
obovate.
wide
cm
Stamens
stigma lobed, white. Fruit
5 —7.5 cm
at
nume-
pear-
long when ripe, purplish, juicy,
spineless, edible.
South-eastern
In
United
States,
Vernacular
name:
Selenicereus
sour
Britton &
(A. Berger)
or
irregularly giving off aerial
bearing small spines.
somewhat
nish, brownish
ments
or
very
and flower
scales and
the
coast
Selenicereus
BRITTON &
of
ROSE,
616.
in 2
274.
clusters distinctly separated,
other
scattered
Plant.
Symb.
140.
Cactus
over
cluster forming
entire. Fruit large, red-
hairs.
Central
America,
West
and
Indies,
R.
1920;
Fl.
7—8
phan.
296.
cm
160.
1909; URBAN, Symb.
WILSON,
1941;
Ant. 123.
stems
rather
long
or
Ant.
1913;
Sci.
LEON &
franp.
ALAIN,
1910;
&
Fl. Cuba 3:
—
Cactus
Gard. Diet.
317.
ed.
aerial roots;
no.
166.
of Jamaica
2—3
11.
1768; URBAN,
Fl. D.W. Ind.
Fl. Jamaica
stems
Isl. 5:
369, fig.
grandiflorusLINNAEUS,
8.
1897; BOLDINGH,
RENDLE,
BRITTON
Virgin
1971; ADAMS, Flowering plants
FAWCETT &
emitting
Ant. 430.
Surv. Porto rico
cm
5(3):
280.
thick,
Isl.
1:
1926.
green
or
sharp, low ribs separated by broad rounded intervals.
—8 acicular spines,
hairs. Flowers 18
12: 430.
BRITTON &
grandiflorus MILLER,
Cereus
long and long thin hairs especially
148
and
one
the long, slender throat.
many,
Guadeloupe & Martinique 1041. 1978;
—
clambering
7
&
plant. Ned.
W. Ind. Eil.
bluish-green, with
Areoles with
nutt.
1920; Duss,
Fl. Ned.
with
en
Fl.
1753;
Ant. 8: 461.
1909;
Br.
Fl. Isl. St. Bartholomew
Gekw.
467.
through eastern Mexico,
Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
1972; FOURNET,
Spec.
Texas
Bahama Fl. 294.
1924; QUESTEL,
1953; ARNOLDO,
gree-
South America.
grandiflorus (L.)
MILLSPAUGH,
narrow,
perianth segments broad, white, usually entire. Fila-
numerous,
from southern
species
angled,
or
small knobs,
on
small, usually with long felt hairs and
dish, covered with clusters of deciduous spines, bristles
About 20
1909
perianth-segments similar,
Style elongate, thick, often hollow; stigmalobes slender,
along
12: 429.
large, nocturnal. Flowertube elongated,
tube
outer
the top of the flower tube, the
at
Nat. Herb.
Areoles small, sometimes elevated
large, often
Inner
orange.
Contr. U.S.
clambering elongated cacti, the joints ribbed
ovary
upper
elongate, weak,
circle
Rose,
roots.
Flowers
curved; scales of
bristles in their axils;
&
West Indies.
America;
prickle (Windward Group).
Slender, trailing, climbing
a
to northern South
from Mexico
dry vegetations.
yellowish-brown
in
more
the
(up
younger
to
or
brownish, in
age
grey,
2—5
mm
parts. Flowerbuds covered with tawny
30 cm).
Tepals
numerous,
the
outer
narrow,
salmon-coloured,
the inner
white,
acute, entire.
than the inner perianth
segments; stigma
Jamaica and
cultivated
Hylocereus
Cuba; widely
Britton &
and
600—700.
from cultivation
escaped
Contr. U.S.
Rose,
Stamens
Styles
17—20-lobed. Fruit ovoid, 8
Nat.
12: 428.
Herb.
in
often
longer
long.
cm
America.
tropical
1909
Climbing cacti, often epiphytic, with long elongated stems, 3-angled or 3-winged, branches emitting aerial roots. Areoles bearing
les,
on
ped, the limb
large
to
as broad
as
foliaceous scales
the scales
on
long
but no
and as
long
the
as
tube or
hairs.
rather
stout
in
very many,
longer. Ovary
Outer
2
or
spines
or areo-
large, nocturnal, funnelshaand
tube bearing
perianth segments similar
acute or
narrow,
series, equaling
and thick, the linear stigma-lobes
branched. Fruit spineless but with several
or
very
the tube but longer. Petaloid perianth-segments
the style; style cylindric,
short
tuft of felt and several
spines, felt, wool or
nate, mostly white, rarely red. Stamens
ple
a
juvenile growths often bearing bristles. Flowers
or
acumi-
shorter than
sim-
numerous,
persistent foliaceous scales
many
mostly large and edible. Seeds small, black.
About 20
species,
natives
of
Hylocereus trigonus (Haw.)
SAFFORD,
TON
&
Ann.
Isl. 5: 615.
Ant. 76.
1040.
Eil.
1924;
1978;
297.
cm
ny.
Cereus
—
long,
a!.,
268.
Fl.
plant.
1920;
268.
America,
Barbados 302.
Ned.
1909; URBAN, Symb.
BRITTON &
Ant. 118.
trigonus HAWORTH, Syn.
clambering
Areoles borne
30
nutt.
or
and
West Indies.
Ant. 4:430.
1910;
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
WILSON,
1965; ARNOLDO,
Gekw.
FL.
1971; FOURNET,
PI. Succ.
en
plant.
nutt.
BRIT-
Virgin
Ned.
Guadeloupe& Martinique
181. 1812; BOLDINGH,
Fl. Ned.
on
aerial
emitting
roots,
sometimes
10 m
W. Ind.
long, joints
deep-green, margin of the ribs strongly undulate but
the top of the undulations. Spines usually 8, (2.5 —)
dark brown, usually with
long. Tepals
cm
stems
3 —4-angled,
long, greenish
to
South
1913.
Cactus with
50
en
America,
1908:556, fig.
192, fig.
GOODING et
1954; Gekw.
Central
Saff.
Smith. Inst.
Rep.
Cactaceae 2:
ROSE,
mexico,
more
2
accessory
than 30, white, 9
large foliaceous scales. Fruit oblong
cm
and
long
oblong-ovoid,
or
spines
to
3
12
4—7
wide. Ovary
cm
to
hormm
bristles. Flowers
or
cm
up
not
up
bearing
long, red, with large
foliaceous scales.
Hispaniola,
Vernacular
Puerto
names:
Rico, Virgin Islands, Saba,
St.
slingercactus (Leeward Group);
Eustatius,
St. Martin.
cult.
strawberry (Windward Group); escaped
Acanthocereus
Britton &
Rose,
Contr. U.S.
Weak, elongated, many-jointed cacti,
Nat.
at
Herb.
first
erect
12: 432.
but
1909
soon
clambering
or
trailing, the
joints usually strongly 3-angled, sometimes 4—5-angled; seedlings and juvenile branches
not
as
strongly angled,
with
more
ribs
and
with
different
spines,
1 at
Flowertube remaining rigid after anthesis, gradually drying and remaining
fruit,
to
green,
rather slender, expanded toward the summit, bearing
a
an areole.
on
the ripe
few areoles similar
those of the branches, subtended by small scales; limb somewhat shorter than the
be, widely expanded;
outer
perianth-segments narrowly lanceolate
to
tu-
linear, acuminate,
149
shorter
green,
than
slender, divided
a
the white
inner
segments. Stamens 700—900,
the
perianth-segments, attached all along
as
at
the
not
or
extending
into several linear stigma-lobes. Fruit spiny
apex
far
as
throat. Style
very
naked, with
or
thick, dark-red string breaking irregularly from top downwards; flesh red. Seeds
about the
Especially
Texas and
ca
Florida;
Golf
of Mexico and
recorded from
the
tetragonus
Succulenta
HUMMELINCK,
Zakflora
1954;
tetragonus
occurring
also
along
coasts, and in
the
coasts
of
Central Ameri-
Cactus
t.
Mag.
20:
165, figs 9,
70.
12:432.
1753;
Trav.
Fl.
Fl. Ned. W.
Bot. N6erl.
35:
42.
Stems clambering, usually 2—3
1753;
1913;
m,
5
subulate; radial spines
than
the
radials;
14—20
wers
2—4.5
cm
on
cm
older
long, white,
1.5
brown felt and several
Keys
slightly
many,
of southern
Panama,
recorded
coast
also
Curasao
Vernacular
Melocactus
coast
from St. Croix
young,
from
or
of
Otto,
di
a
open
fields however
in diam.; joints
3—8
cm
apart; spines
wide,
cm
numerous
acicular
grey,
long, central spine often solitary, longer
to
up
12, of which several centrals. Floto
acuminate
elliptic,
or
acute,
2.5 —6 cm
4 mm
c.
south
Texas,
Venezuela,
to
obovoid, red,
8x5 cm,
long, pear-shaped, smooth, glossy
along
islands
of Mexico
eastern coast
off the
Venezuelan
areolate.
black.
to Guatemala
coast, and
and
Guadeloupe;
and Cuba.
Christoffel
colebra
Verh.
in
high, in
m
with 6—8 low ribs and
—65, oblanceolate
Ver.
some
only;
in
Aruba rather
common.
(Leeward Group).
Beförd. Gartenbau
clustered, globular
straight, rarely spiraled
7
more
terete
1 —4 cm
to
Kön.
short cylindric,
1-jointed, bearing clusters
bristles forming
1940;
long. Ovary ovoid, bearing conspicuous areoles with
mm
and
Bot.
HUMME-
1: 459.
tepals greenish. Stamens 700—900; filaments
the Seroe
cadushi
&
Link
Plants solitary
when
—8
Tobago
1920;
in
or
spines often
60
flattened,
Florida,
name:
—7,
1914;
ROSE,
1.
forming large colonies; old trunk be-
subulate spines. Fruit ovoid
of Colombia
known
6
areoles
outer
to
up
normal branches 3—5
on
first
long. Tepals
cm
long; anthers innate,
Seeds
at
BRITTON &
so
3—5-angled, crenate; juvenile growth nearly
short acicular spines; areoles
&
Cactus
—
1978.
sometimes
coming nearly round in cross-section,
(L.)
1971;
Fl. D.W. Ind. Isl. 2: 71.
in Fl. Trinidad
1938; CHEESMAN,
1039.
60.
napoleonis GRAHAM,
Cereus
—
70.
44, fig. 68, 69,
115, fig.
123, fig. 182, 183, 184, plate XVI, fig.
296.
the tips of joints and
at
Ned. Ant.
pi.
Acanthocereus pentagonus
—
Ind. Eil.
Zakflora
1938; ARNOLDO,
nutt.
Plant. 467.
Guadeloupe & Martinique
arching by rooting
en
Cactaceae 2:
1909;
pentagonus LINNAEUS, Spec.
LINCK, Rec.
11.
10,
1964; Gekw.
Plant. 466.
LINNAEUS, Spec.
3458; BOLDINGH,
FOURNET,
Hummelinck
(L.)
99, fig. 68, 69,
Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
to
but
Caribbean,
Venezuela and Colombian
Cuba,
and Brasil.
Acanthocereus
—
nu-
black.
merous,
In
half of the tube
upper
of spines
on
Preuss.
at
3: 417.
1827
sometimes depressed,
the
individuals. Inflorescence
cephalium borne
Staat.
a
ribs;
ribs
compact
the top of the plant, this often
9—20,
mass
very
at
least
mostly
of hairs
and
large and elon-
gated. Flowers small, pinkish, appearing in the mid-afternoon from the top of the
phalium, tubular-salverform, the perianth-segments spreading. Stamens
150
attached
ce-
near
the top
of the
naked,
red
A
slender flower-tube. Style slender; stigma-lobes linear, few. Fruit clavate,
or
rarely white. Seeds
c.
40
species
Note: W. F.
R.
Suringar
genus of
the
in
and
ba, Bonaire, and Curasao.
an
drier
black.
J. V.
A
of the
regions
neotropics.
112 taxa on
Suringar distinguish
thorough fieldstudy
the islands of
these specimens is
on
Aru-
necessary
for
interpretation of the forms present.
Mammillaria
Plant.
Haworth, Syn.
Succ.
177.
1812
Plants globose, depressed-globose or short-cylindric, occasionally much elongated, tu-
berculate,
spiral
on
some
with milky others with watery juice; tubercles arranged in
rows, never
on
vertical ribs, terete, angled
surface, usually bearing wool
upper
sometimes flattened,
or
sometimes
cles, sometimes all alike,
sometimes
or
one or
central
with
more
different
ones very
to
as
size and shape,
segments rather
narrow,
without
top of tuber-
from the
spreading.
Stamens
white to pinkish.
or
included; style
numerous,
the length of the stamens; stigma-lobes linear. Fruit usually clavate, rarely if
se,
usually ripening rapidly, naked, scarlet, white
brown
About
or
150
northern
Key
1.
greenish in
or
radials,
diurnal, all
less campanulate,
more or
comparatively small, variously coloured, commonly red, yellowish
Perianth
but
on
of the central spines hooked. Flowers
from axils of old tubercles, much alike
ever
from
species,
to the
south-western
America;
West
few species. Seeds
a
cles
United
States and
Mexico
through
Central
America
species:
7—12 mm
mm
4—8 mm
long,
long; radial spines 10—16,
wide
at the
axils
base;
5 —8
with
Central spines 1,
10—15
mm
up to
2
long, radial spines
cm
10 mm
long,
wide
6
—8,
the base; axils
at
long; tuber-
mm
wool
scant
M.
10—30 mm
(Curasao)
mammillaris
long, tubercles
with dense wool (St.
Martin)
M.
Mammillaria
mammillaris
KARSTEN, Deutsche
(L.)
Fl. 888.
['1864']; JOHNSTON,
fig.
66.
&
1913;
1964;
1882;
—
ROSE,
en
Cactaceae 4:
7—12
5 —7
mm
mm
pi.
Ned.
Ant. 119.
1923; CHEESMAN,
to
241.
wide
young.
at
in
Spec.
—
&
Tobago
apex, up
8 and 13 spirals,
1:
to
scant
1753;
—
Fl. Ned. W. Ind.
1954;
Zakflora
mammillaris
462.
20
high; tubercles
cm
mm
100,
BRITTON
1940.
glossy light
the base. Areoles round, 2—3
Axils with
66.
45, fig.
Neomammillaria
Trinidad
Plant. 466.
Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl. 300.
1909; BOLDINGH,
Zakflora
short-cylindric, with sunken
mm
light brown wool when
34(7):
1971;
in Fl.
LINNAEUS,
117.1812; GRISEBACH,
1914; ARNOLDO,
long, conic, arranged
long, 4—8
mammillaris
Plant. Succ.
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
nutt.
70.
Body simple, globose
short,
Cactus
Fl. D.W. Ind. Isl. 2: 80.
Gekw.
nivosa
Karst.
Mammillariasimplex HAWORTH, Syn.
298.
to
Indies.
Central spines 3—5, 7—8
1860
about
globo-
black.
South
Eil.
less
grooved
hairs and sometimes bristles,
or
glands in their axils and crowned by the spine areoles; spines in clusters
all straight
more or
never
to
dark
green,
wide, with dense
wool. Central spines
3—5, 7—8
mm
151
long,
all
longer,
ones
upper
subulate, straight
or
smooth, reddish, later
long, acicular, straight,
10—12 mm
ascending. Flowers funnelform,
green, top
whitish-cream
5
dark
row
brown, elliptic,
pale yellow,
to
tip
Northern
Rare;
Venezuela
on
and
often
steep,
in
loupe
&
Outer
long.
PFETFFER,
mammillaria
Rico &
Isl. 5
11
and 17,
1978;
617.
:
10—20
&
Fl. Isl.
nearly cylindric,
21
Rev.
6 —8
with dried peri-
mm,
71.
St.
8 —18
BRITTON
1923;
10—15
sap,
white wool
no
when
bristles.
&
1: 259.
long,
to
10 mm
Central spines
1,
at
the base. Areoles
naked.
Axils
to 20
up
mm
faint
orange
serrate.
te to
midline,
Inner
mm
thers. Fruit red
to
serrate.
the
at
perianth segments
acute, margins
in
colour
than
very
cream to
at
hori-
the base,
very
citron-yellow, linear-lanceolate, tip acumina1
Filaments pale tannish-yellow,
scarlet, clavate, 12—18
Bahamas, Tortola, Antigua,
mm, upper
tip, lanceolate, tip acuminate, margin finely
x
7
mm
mm
long, just overtop
with dried perianth
Seeds light brown, dull, pyriform with lateral hilum, roughened,
Southern
6 —8,
the radials,
long. Outer perianth segments pale yellow
orange
dense
Radial spines
bright yellow becoming dark brown, ascending. Subradial spines 5—7,2—8
zontal. Flowers 15 —20
with
long, stout,
somewhat bent, stiff, smooth,
or
acicular, lateral heavier, lighter
and
8
bronze, elongate conic,
wide
becoming
young,
Neo-
1941.
smooth, bright yellow becoming dark brown.
to
—
wide; tubercles arranged in
cm
long, lateral longest, all acicular, straight
shorter, bristle-like
FL. Guade-
1891;
Sci. Surv. Porto
WILSON,
157.
Bartholomew
mm
1910; FOURNET,
Gen. Plant.
spirals, firm in texture, darkgreen
with
wide,
acicular, straight,
mm
x
Ant. 4: 432.
KUNTZE,
Cactaceae4:
ROSE,
white wool which persists but
10 —30
perianth segments
the eastern part of the island
1837; URBAN, Symb.
1924; QUESTEL,
to
13 and
2—3 mm
in
Cactus nivosus
—
laterally compressed, with milky
round,
Inner
Anthers yellowish. Stigma-lobes
acute.
islands.
Cact. 11.
1038.
Body simple, globose
13,
mm
brown, minute, roughened.
adjacent
nivosa BRITTON
Virgin
5 —8
somewhat
to
perianth-segments brownish-
long-mucronate.
lanceolate, tip
rocky sites, especially
Enum.
Martinique
nearly horizontal
grey,
Link
Mammillaria nivosa
LINK,
Seeds
persisting.
not
Radial spines 10—16,
grey.
—6, greenish-yellow. Fruit carmine-red, clavate,
anth
occasionally slightly bent, all
upper
smooth, reddish-brown with darker tip, becoming
Puerto Rico
&
and
Virgin Islands,
1.1
not
0.8 mm.
x
some
an-
persisting.
other islands
of
the West Indies.
Not
common;
on
Lemaireocereus
steep sites
Britton &
and
Rose,
on
coral
limestone.
Contr. U.S.
Plants usually large, tall and branching
nes
an
usually
stout
and
areole, tubular
to
numerous.
inner surface of the throat;
the
globular
areoles
to
but
at first
ovary.
Stamens
ovary more or
1909
rarely low. Areoles rather large, felted; spi-
Flowers diurnal
or
in
some
the
species nocturnal,
spineless or nearly so,
numerous,
soon
borne in
developing
many rows
a cluster of
ovoid, irregularly bursting when old, exposing the seeds,
many,
one at
short tube tardely separating
less tuberculate, bearing scales
but when ripe the spines often deciduous. Seeds
152
12: 424.
funnel-shaped or campanulate,
with the style from top of the
axils,
Nat. Herb.
black.
at
on
the
felted in the
spines.
first
very
Fruit
spiny,
Over 20
from southern
species,
Arizona
and Cuba
to Peru
and Venezuela
and the islands
off its
coast.
Lemaireocereus
&
BRITTON
griseus (Haw.)
Contr. U.S. Nat.
ROSE,
fig.
130.
1971;
Ind. Eil.
Cereus
12: 425.
Herb.
Isl. 2; 71.
at the
Tall, tree-like, strongly branched
ribs
up to
5 —10,
35
1.5
Areoles round
felt without
—2.5 cm
to ovate,
high, dark
8 —12
mm
long,
Gekw.
182.
white,
and sometimes
also
2—5
fimbriate
in the ripening
anthers
1.25 —1.5
cm,
wide
at
at the
glaucous, the
green,
1—2.5 cm
6 —8
long
as
apex.
the base,
Seeds
parts often reddish.
younger
of the fruit.
Stamens
1.75 —2.5
innate,
Aruba,
x
cm
18—26
wide,
wide
mm
long,
at
the top,
Bonaire
Abundant
in
Vernacular
Uses: the
and
long,
mm
filaments 12—27
yellowish.
mm,
—4.5 cm
the base
long, free
mm
ovoid,
Ovary
reduced
at
1.5—2.5
a
long deltoid scales. Fruit subglobose, 2.5—5
1.25 cm
to
in-
developing spines
covered with felt and often provided with
up
so-
coloured,
cream
the
X
few
cm
long spines; pulp red.
rough, rather dull black.
Curasao.
the islands
names:
0.75
x
the tip black.
the top several imbri-
near
small white-felted areoles,
600 —800;
mm
with 30—50 areoles,
1.25
but
grey
long. Perianth segments oblong and
cm
as
reddish, areoles bearing 12—20, spreading,
1—2
in thin
apart, spiny, covered with greyish
Receptacle funnelshaped, thick-fleshy, 3
2.5 —3
numerous
small spines in the axils of 1.5
across,
W.
long; radial spines 7—11, spreading, distinctly smaller
cm
few scales. Ovary bearing
base;
118,
branching near the base;
cate, spathulate, for the greater part adnate, fleshy bracts, towards
to a
Ant.
Ned.
BOLDINGH, Fl. Ned.
weakly developed corklayer peeling off
across,
centrals. Flowers nocturnal,
1—1.5 cm
pi.
nutt.
en
1812;
87, fig.
Zakflora
1940; ARNOLDO,
long hairs. Spines 7—12, acicular, straight and stiff,
metimes mucronulate, 4—3 times
rosa or
a
1964;
Plant. Succ.
Cactaceae 2:
ROSE,
in diam; branches ascending, sometimes with shallow constrictions;
cm
Central spines 1( —3),
than the
65.
&
1: 458.
Tobago
1914.
top
old trunk without ribs and spines, with
flakes,
&
100, figs 60, 63,
Ind.
BRITTON
1909;
Fl. Trinidad
griseus HAWORTH, Syn.
Fl. D.W.
1913;
296.
Zakflora
1954;
65.
-
R.
1920; WILLIAMS, in
2.
129, plate 13, fig.
42, figs 60, 63,
Br. &
of the Leeward
in
Group,
of
many types
vegetation.
datu, jatu (Leeward Group).
wood is used
for
fences,
roofs
and
fruit edible.
walls;
Cephalocereus Pfeiffer, Allgem. Gartenzeitung
6:
142.
1838
Elongated cacti, various in habit, mostly columnar and erect, sometimes much branched with
a
short trunk.
cies not, flowers
are
In some
species the areoles form
sometimes produced in
bristles and fruits afterwards forming
in other species neither wool
nor hairs
nocturnal, short-campanulate
Perianth persisting
on
50
species
collar
are
circle
at
a
at
pseudocephalium, in other spe-
the top of the branches and the
the base of the
produced
short-funnelform
in the
or
the ripening fruit. Fruit usually
oblong. Seeds black, smooth
Nearly
to
a
a
from southern
or
new
growth
flowering
pyriform,
and
areoles.
straight
or
again
Flowers
curved.
depressed-globose, sometimes
tuberculate.
Florida
and northern
Mexico
to
eastern Brazil
and Ecuador.
153
Key
to
1.
the species:
Perianth-segments rounded
mucronate; Leeward Group
or
C.
lanuginosus
Perianth-segments acute; Windward Group
Br.
Cephalocereus lanuginosus (L.)
BRITTON &
Rec. Trav.
Bot.
Zakflora
1954;
Contr.
ROSE,
U.S.
D.W. Ind. Isl. 2:71.
1913; Fl.
N6erl.
35:
lanuginosus LINNAEUS,
Handb. Cactaceae, ed. 2. 682.
Nat. Herb.
t.9 a,
45,
—
12: 417.
&
1.12
d,
64.
Plant.
Spec.
1885;
& R.
1914; BRITTON
99, figs 57, 59, 61,
C. royenii
a.
1964;
467.
Pilosocereus
1909; BOLDINGH,
Fl.
Ned.
73.
ROSE, Cactaceae2:49, fig.
Zakflora
1938; ARNOLDO,
Gekw. & nutt.
1753;
—
pi.
Pilocereus
lanuginosus (L.)
BYLES&
Ned.
W. Ind. Eil.
297.
1920; HUMMELINCK,
43, figs 57, 59, 61,
Ant.
115.
RuMPLERin
1971;
FORSTER &
ROWLEY, Cact. & Succ.
Journ.
Gr.
—
64.
Cactus
RUMPLER,
19: 3,
Brit.
66.
1957.
Often
cm
tree-like plant, much branched
a
with
in diam.,
strongly ascendent, sometimes curved
8—12,
1 —2
across,
1—1.5
with
cm
10—20,
green,
greyish
apart, spiny,
cm
thin
many
Spines
high,
woolly
hairs
long.
2.5—3
the base
ments
wide
cm
mm
a
green
mm,
or
to a
mm
covered with
Vernacular
on
the
names:
Uses: fruit is
&
or
&
WILSON,
the
ovate to
or
branches
roundish, 4—8
to
with
cm
ones
younger
dense tufts of hairs.
more or
greenish,
3 cm
or
greyish. Cen-
less spreading. Flowers
oblong, apiculate, 3 —2.5 times
somewhat
1.5—4 mm
filaments
lowest
reddish, with
very
low and
islands
off
Leeward
cadushi
edible;
ROSE,
flakes;
yellowish-green, afterwards brownish
1.75 —2.75 mm
wood
Cephalocereus royenii (L.)
BRITTON
15 —25
tall; trunk
brownish felt, the
somewhat
long and 2—2.5
cm
long
as
wide,
fimbriate
at the
as
wide
at
the base,
connate at
the
base
into
di
4 cm
long and
2—2.5 mm
Contr. U.S.
few scales; pulp reddish. Seeds
very
3—5
mm
1
x
high
2 cm
thick; stigmalobes
to
up
1.75
3.5
5
x
1.25
x
x
cm,
0.75
flat tubercles, glossy black.
the Venezuelan
coast
Group.
poesji,
is used
Br.
a
a
long, greyish. Ovary short, cylindric,
c.
near
long scales. Stamens 400—500; fila-
long, yellowish-green. Fruit depressed-globose,
Paraguana, Goajira,
Very
grey or
long; radial spines 9—15,
few subdeltoid,
long,
somewhat
common
a
long; flowering areoles
few deltoid scales; style cylindric,
10—15, 3—4
m
the top and there with several imbricate, ovate, fleshy bracts,
collar; anthers innate,
with
cm
tepals
Inner
at
reduced
6—18
10
off in thin
often with several shallow constrictions; ribs
Receptacle campanulate, thick, fleshy,
apex.
to
up
glaucous. Areoles elliptic
covered with
long, cream-coloured
mm
and
or
2 cm
up to
flexible, mostly round, yellow
16—22
nearly simple,
usually differentiated into central and radial spines, acicular, straight,
tral spines 1—5, 1.5—5
about 6 cm
or
weakly developed corklayer peeling
a very
breebee
for
some
di
poesji, fono,
funfun
(Leeward Group).
purposes.
& R.
Nat. Herb.
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
12: 419.
Virgin
Isl.
1909;
5: 612.
Cactaceae
1924;
—
2:
50, fig.
Cactus
74.
1920;
BRITTON
royenii LINNAEUS, Spec.
Plant. 467. 1753;
Cereus royenii MILLER, Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 7. 1768;
nobiCephalocereus
—
lis
(HAWORTH)
Fournet, Fl.
154
BRITTON
—
&
ROSE,
Contr.
Guadeloupe & Martinique
U.S. Nat. Herb.
1039. 1978;
—
12:
418.
Cereus nobilis
1941;
Cactaceae
HAWORTH, Syn.
2: 44.
1920;
Plant. Succ.
179.
1812;
Pilocereus
—
RUMPLER
(L.)
royeni
in
FORSTER &
RUMPLER,
Handb.
Cact.
ed.
2.
682.
1885.
Stout tree-like cactus,
definite trunk
least when
to
up
young,
2—8
to
green
tall
m
30 cm
grey;
more,
either
branching near
Inner
1
variable, often only
very
areoles
young
the base
or with
at
softly woolly,
many,
but sometimes 6
cm,
short
a
ascending, glaucous,
or
long,
cm
bearing soft wool. Flowering areoles producing
conspicuous tufts of long white hairs. Flowers about
plish without.
erect
bluish-green; ribs 7—11, high. Areoles
close together; spines acicular,
yellow fading
or
in diam.; branches stout,
perianth-segments white,
5 cm
long, greenish, yellow
Fruit reddish
acute.
or
green,
to pur-
depressed,
wide; pulp red. Seed black, shiny.
5 cm
Antigua
Anegada,
to
Frequent
in
St.
Croix,
dry vegetations
Miller,
Cereus
St.
Gard. Dict.
in
Thomas, Culebra,
the lower
Abr.
ed. 4.
zone
St.
Kitts,
St.
and Puerto
Eustatius,
Rico.
of St. Eustatius.
1754
Stems mostly upright and tall,
generally much-branched; branches strongly angled
ribbed. Areoles spiny,
less short-woolly, but
Flowers
or
nocturnal, elongated, funnelshaped;
from the
away
more
abscission
ovary by
soon
the
never
upper
or
producing long, silk hairs.
the
part except
style, falling
after anthesis; tube of the flower cylindric,
ex-
panding above into the swollen throat, nearly naked without. Outer perianth segments
obtuse, thick,
Stamens
green
elongated
but
dull coloured, the inner thin, petaloid,
or
varying greatly
numerous,
in
Cereus
25
from the
species
ed. 8.
Gard. Diet.
Haworth); BOLDINGH,
Cactaceae 2:
ROSE,
NOLDO,
Zakflora
Ant.
without
ribs
(8 —12),
ten
1
—2
no.
3.
Fl. Ned.
a
129.
1971;
m
spines,
high,
19.
67.
—
1954;
tall, with
with
a
297.
8—20,2 —8.5
cm
a
Zakflora
felt;
1 —7,
W. Ind. Isl.
Fl. D.W.
on
one
na-
side
constrictions
numerous
greyish-green,
younger
long, the central ones
the longest directed upwards,
ovate
to
lanceolate, apiculate,
1964;
not
green
or
cm across,
ones
which
at
c.
with
Gekw.
20
cm
cm
2 —6.5 cm
long.
Radial
40
2.5 —4
times
as
long
as
cm
pi.
across,
fla-
distance; ribs
younger
thin
black
spines
cm
nutt.
off in thin
9
parts of-
hairs.
always different from the radial
or
en
apart, spiny, covered
several
dark brown
BRITTON
1938; AR-
1753.
to
peels
glaucous, the
0.5—2
usually
1914;
35: 48.
Plant. 467.
much-branched top; old trunk
weakly developed corklayer
the
67.
100, figs 58, 62,
['1864'] (auth.:
Isl. 2: 71.
Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl.
usually distinctly smaller than the centralones. Flowers 6—11
tepals
Argentine.
to
301. 1860
Ind.
repandus LINNAEUS, Spec.
lar, flexible, straight, often twisted, greyish, with
nes
South America
Fl. Br.
1913;
1920; HUMMELINCK,
Cactus
crenate,
brownish
grey or
through
1768; GRISEBACH,
ascending, with
cm
West Indies
somewhat reddish. Areoles round, 3—6
with
Style slender,
few scales,
a
rarely yellow, naked, splitting down
W. Ind. Eil.
17, fig. 18,
6 —10
and
branches
southern
42, fig. 58, 62,
116, fig.
Tree-like plant,
kes;
known white.
as
included.
Mill.
repandus (L.)
MILLER,
Ned.
far
so
weak,
mature; often edible. Seeds black.
About
&
and
often included; stigma-lobes linear. Receptacle bearing
ked in their axils. Fruit fleshy, red,
when
length, slender
7
Spines
ones,
acicu-
top. Central spi—13, spreading,
long, nocturnal.
wide,
up to
26
mm
Inner
long,
155
white
greenish
or
sometimes
or
rosa,
sparsely and minutely fimbriate. Receptacle
apex
funnel-shaped, narrowed in the middle,
to
4.5
cm
long, 2.5—3
wide
cm
at
the top, thick
and fleshy. Bracts several, imbricate, spathulate, for the greater part adnate, fleshy,
ducing towards the base
few small scales. Stamens
to a
half of the receptacle; filaments 7 —18
2 —2.5 mm
a
few
remnants
somewhat violet
1
x
covered
mm,
often
Vernacular
names:
a
long. Fruit cylindric
mm
with
low
and
blunt
and
Klein
cadushi
feature in
kadoesjie,
breebree
Pereskia
Leafy
the
soup; moreover
Miller,
trees or
Gard.
ovoid, 4—5.5
to
1.25—1.75
long; stigma
x
2.5 —3.5
2
1.5
x
black.
the
plant
landscape.
(Leeward Group).
is
Dict. Abr. ed. 4.
houses;
the
important
as
fleshy tissue
of the
stem is used
for prepa-
cattle-food.
1754
shrubs with branches and leaves resembling
in clusters in the axils of the leaves, neither sheathed
or
cm
Bonaire.
dominant
Uses: the wood is used for roofs and walls of
ring
dull
tubercles,
long and
3—5.5
slightly reddish. Seeds
or
re-
upper
the base; anthers innate,
at
1.75—3.5 cm
ovoid,
reddish, naked; pulp white
or
Aruba, Bonaire, Curasao,
Abundant;
to
of scaly bracts; style cylindric,
8—10-lobed, lobes yellowish, 8
cm,
—600, inserted on the
long, entirely free
long, yellowish. Ovary cylindric
wide, with
cm
mm
500
common
nor
trees; spines in pairs
barbed; areoles nearly circu-
lar; glochids wanting. Leaves alternate, broad, flat, deciduous, sometimes fleshy. Inflocorymbose
rescence
consisting of terminal and axillary panicles
or
Flowers wheel-shaped, perigynous
ry.
or
or
the flowers solita-
epigynous, pedicellate. Stamens
numerous.
Style single; stigmalobes linear. Fruit mostly globose. Seeds black, glossy, with
shell. Embryo strongly
About
K e
y
1.
15
species
in
tropical America;
with
or
Petals
number
of
cultivated.
species
tree
red
or
guamacho
in
Bois,
DO, Gekw.
a
short pair of reflexed spines from each areole;
en
with
P.
2
purplish
P.
guamacho
P.
grandifolia
Weber
Diet. Hort. 938.
nutt.
stem
aculeata
slender straight spines
yellow
Petals
WEBER,
a
acicular spines
Shrub
Pereskia
brittle
the species:
to
Climbing vines; twigs with
2.
a
curved. Cotyledons leafy. Seedlings without spines.
pi.
Ned.
1898;
Ant.
BRITTON &
104, fig.
165.
ROSE,
1954;
Cactaceae
Gekw.
en
1:
nutt.
16, figs 9,
pi.
Ned.
10.
Ant.
1919; ARNOL170.
122, fig.
1971.
Shrub,
in
on
a
up
to
3 m
high,
very
spiny, but often
diam.; areoles rather prominent, especially
the branches filled with
few short
accessory
brown
ones,
but
felt,
in
age
at
age
up
to 20
m
4 cm
tall; trunk
often standing
first usually with only
often with
divaricate, rigid brown, the longer ones often
156
a tree
in
20
spines
long.
or
out
1 to 4
more;
up
to
60
cm
like small knobs
spines along
with
spines somewhat
Leaves on
young
branches soli-
tary,
and
se,
the
wood
growing
2 cm
lanceolate-acuminate
and
Vernacular
Pereskia
4
Gard.
Ant.
islands
Diet.
ed.
319.
1913; URBAN, Symb.
Gekw.
Spec.
&
Gekw.
Fl.
en
pi.
at
first
blade
at
West Indies
and
Pereskia
or
along
Suppl.
or
164.
8 —15
['1864']; Duss,
Ned. W. Ind. Eil.
1035.
1978;
(3): 272, fig. 105.1926;
5
Fl. Cuba
—
Cactaceae
ROSE,
Virgin Isl.
5: 608.
1:
3:
159.
358, fig.
ai,
Pereskia
303.
of Jamaica 273.
pereskia (LINNAEUS)
Cactus pereskia
—
1953;
Fl. Barbados
10, plate II, figs 1, 2,
1924;
Fl.
300.
3.
1919;
LINNAEUS,
or
in
clambering,
threes, short, recurved.
at
cm
3—10 m
the
Leaves
apex,
in diam. Ovary leafy
diam., quite smooth when
as an
long; spines
mature.
tapering
or
and
spines in
short-petiolate,
or
rounded
corymbs. Flowers
often spiny. Fruit
Seeds black,
somewhat
of South
coasts
America;
also known from
Florida
and
escape.
Haw.
Plant. Succ. 85.
F. M.
and
2—3 together, slender and straight;
1819; Duss,
Fl. Trinidad
Fl.
KNUTH,
&
Fl.
phan.
BRITTON &
Tobago
Ant.
fran?.
WILSON,
1: 454.
319.
BACKEBERG &
&
1940; ADAMS, Flowering plants
Guadeloupe & Martinique 1035. 1978;
in
1897; BRITTON
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
KNUTH, Kaktus
—
ABC 96.
Rhodocactus
1935;
ROSE,
Virgin
of Ja-
grandifoli-
LEON &
ALAIN,
Fl.
1953.
shrub,
2—5
Leaves
cm
1860
GOODING et
1954;
m
tall, usually
with
a
definite
very
in diam.; branches fleshy, glabrous, elongate, usually
areoles.
303.
1909; Fl.
Fl. Jamaica
ALAIN,
ovate, short-acuminate
the east and north
1972; FOURNET,
3: 360.
edible. Seeds
in diam.
1924; WILLIAMS,
Tree or
Martinique
1:19, fig. 16, plate III, fig. 1. 1919;
(HAWORTH)
142.
122.1971; ADAMS, Flowering plants
BRITTON &
pinkish, 2.5—4.5
maica 273.
Cuba
1:
long. Inflorescence consisting of panicles
Isl. 5: 608.
us
&
LEON &
104, fig.
Ant.
solitary
stem
perhaps only
grandifolia
Cactaceae
cm
mm
but there
HAWORTH,
1940;
but the branches often long
1.5—2 cm in
4—5
Mexico,
1882;
oblong
to
white, pale, yellow
flattened,
Ned.
453.
leaves paired, rarely
7
up to
light yellow,
and
1753.
lanceolate
the base,
1:
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico &
erect
the
Ind. Isl.
W.
1920; FAWCETT& RENDLE,
Guadeloupe
in the lower part of the
the axils of
to
numerous. Ova-
the axils. Fruit globo-
be orange-coloured
Fl. D.W. Ind. Isl.
nutt. pi. Ned. Ant.
Deutsche Fl. 888.
WILSON,
Fl. Br.
1768; GRISEBACH,
Tobago
nutt.
en
Plant. 469.
Shrub,
8.
Ant. 8:468.
ARNOLDO,
BRITTON &
in
as
off its coast.
1897; BOLDINGH,
Fl. Trinidad
1972; FOURNET,
diam. Stamens
long
cm
along the branches
set
guamacho (Leeward Group).
WILLIAMS,
KARSTEN,
in
cm
to
obovate,
or
Mill.
fran?.
1965; ARNOLDO,
thickly
so
oval
to
long, but sometimes 5—9
cm
broad.
mm
some
name:
aculeata
MILLER,
3
leaves, these hairy
in diam., becoming naked, said
flattened,
Venezuela
c.
4—5
almost spicate, sessile, bright yellow,
about
phan.
fascicles; blades elliptic, lanceolate
the base, usually
wide, fleshy. Flowers solitary but
covered with small
back,
in
apex, cuneate at
3 —6 cm
appear
ry
old
on
acute at
oblong, obtuse
or
acute at
the
apex,
to
10 cm
acicular spines
at the
spiny, woody trunk
with
1
or 2
somewhat narrowed
up
at
the base,
long; petioles short. Inflorescence small, terminal, usually consisting of few-
157
flowered
cymes.
Flowers
Petals rose-coloured
or
3.5 —4(—6) cm
in diam. Sepals
green,
to
20
sometimes white. Ovary leaf-bearing. Fruit 4
X
cm
5
mm,
long,
3
acute.
cm
in
diam., pear-shaped, many-seeded. Seeds black, slightly flattened.
Brazil, widely planted
used
158
for
hedges
in
and
subspontaneous throughout the
tropical
America.
West
Indies;
the
species
is
extensively