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Science – Study Guide – Weather / Climate Chapter 4, Section 1 The difference between weather and climate WEATHER Day-to-day events in the atmosphere at particular place and time CLIMATE Average, year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area Latitude Determines 3 Climate Zones Temperate Zone Temperature is not too hot, not too cold 4 Seasons New Jersey has a temperate climate– 4 seasons our latitude is 42 degrees north of the equator Polar Zone Tropical Zone Temperature is Cold Temperature is Hot The closer you are to the equator, the hotter the climate The farther away you are from the equator, the colder the climate Different seasons are the result of the tilt of the Earth’s axis as Earth travels around the sun. What else influences temperature besides latitude? Altitude -in the case of high mountains, highland areas have cool climates, no matter what their latitude is. Distance from large bodies of water - winds from the ocean keep coastal regions from reaching extremes of hot and cold. Ocean currents – a warm current brings warm air to the land it touches and a cold current bring cool air to the land it touches. 4 factors that influence temperature are latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water and ocean currents Precipitation (amount of rain or snow that falls in an area) is determined by prevailing winds and the presence of mountains Warm air can carry more water vapor than cold air. The amount of water vapor in an air mass influences how much rain or snow will fall. What is a microclimate? Rain and snow falls on the windward side of mountains, the side that is hit by oncoming winds. The land on the leeward side of the mountain—downwind gets little or no precipitation. Example: Death Valley A microclimate exists in a small area with specific climate conditions such as mountains, lakes, forests and other natural features. The top of East Mountain Road in Sparta has its own microclimate because of its altitude.