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Climate and Climate Change What Causes Climate? Climate – The average, year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area. Microclimate- climate of a small, specific place within a larger area Microclimate Examples Shade under a tree A hole in a log where mushrooms grow What Causes Climate? Vocabulary Tropical Zone – The area near the equator, between about 23.5° north latitude and 23.5° south latitude. Polar Zone – The areas near both poles, from about 66.5° to 90° north and 66.5° to 90° south latitudes. Temperate Zone – The area between the tropical and polar zones, from about 23.5° to 66.5° north and 23.5° to 66.5° south latitudes. What Causes Climate? – Main Ideas The climate of a region is determined by its temperature and precipitation. The main factors that influence temperature are Latitude Altitude distance from large bodies of water ocean currents. Climate Regions – Main Ideas Climates are classified according to temperature and precipitation. There are five main climate regions: tropical rainy dry temperate marine temperate continental polar Long-Term Changes in the Climate Ice Age Cold time periods in Earth’s history, during which glaciers covered large parts of the surface. Long-Term Changes in the Climate – Main Ideas During each ice age, huge sheets of ice covered much of Earth’s surface. Possible explanations for major climate changes include: movement of continents Position of the Earth and Sun changes in the sun’s energy output.