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2/24/2011 There are three types: 1.Animal-like 2.Plant-like 3.Fungus-like Protozoa—single-celled microscopic organisms that move FYI Heterotrophic Can be parasitic (live off other organisms, cause disease) Live most anywhere that moisture is available 1. cilia—short, hair-like projections 2. flagella—long, whip-like “tails” 3. pseudopodia (“false feet”)—large, round cytoplasmic extensions that help move cell. They also surround and engulf food. Amoeba engulfing a paramecium 1. Amoebas-use pseudopodia; live in fresh and salt water, soil too Shape constantly changes 2. Ciliates-use cilia; live in ponds, slow moving streams Ciliated protozoan Example: Paramecium 1 2/24/2011 4. Sporozoans-produce spores; many adult forms have no locomotion; many are parasitic live in blood and tissue of host 3. Flagellates-have 1 or more flagella; live in fresh water; many are parasitic Unicellular or Multicellular Use photosynthesis, but aren’t plants because they don’t have roots, stems, and Euglena-live in fresh water; have contractile vacuoles —gets rid of excess water (hypotonic environments) leaves Many are phytoplankton—microscopic protists in the ocean; major source of food for ocean life…part of the ocean’s food chain Diatoms made of silica or glass; make oxygen FYI: Diatomaceous earth —when diatoms die, they settle at the bottom of oceans. Build up over time into layers. Material used as abrasive in cleaning supplies and toothpaste Dinoflagellates have bioluminescence so they glow; excess growth can be bad because some release toxins aka “red tides” 2 2/24/2011 Red Algae : Green Algae › Ocean seaweed › Can be unicellular › Most diverse group of algae › Most live in fresh water, but can › Live in deep waters live in oceans, soil › Some are colonial (many cells › Used as a food ex. Nori living together) Brown Algae Ex. Volvox › Usually in salt water › Large Two types: 1. slime molds 2. water molds Examples: › white “fuzz” on dead fish/leaves › Ex. Kelp › Potato Blight that caused the Irish Potato Famine All are DECOMPOSERS! 1. binary fission— asexual 2. conjugation—sexual; the sharing of DNA between 2 protists 3. fragmentation—asexual; algae will break into pieces and each piece grows into a new individual 1. Amoebic dysentery— typically affects travelers visiting foreign countries where water could be contaminated; causes severe intestinal problems; can be fatal; known as “Montezuma's Revenge" 3 2/24/2011 2. Giardiasis—caused by Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite attach itself to the intestinal wall, causing watery diarrhea or oily feces, nausea, stomach pains and fatigue; found in the US “Hitchhiker's Disease” 4. African Sleeping Sickness—also called “Trypanosomiasis;” carried by the tsetse fly and if it moves to a person’s nervous system, it causes coordination problems, fatigue and general confusion. 3. Toxoplasmosis—caused by Toxoplasma gondii; a parasite that can cause brain and eye damage in newborns so this is why pregnant women should not change litterboxes 5. Malaria—caused by the genus Plasmodium (four species); spread by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito 6. Red tide-caused by dinoflagellates; they release a toxin that kills fish or builds up in some fish; we In turn get sick by eating the contaminated fish Potato Blight—caused the Irish Potato Famine from 1844-1849 which led to a large immigration of Irish to the US 4