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Answer Key
Vocabulary Practice
A. Synonyms or Antonyms
1. synonym
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
antonym
antonym
synonym
antonym
antonym
B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary
1. A species that has an
unusually large effect on its
ecosystem; its loss greatly
impacts its ecosystem; a
beaver is a keystone species
2. An organism that eats
both plants and animals;
omnivores are often
generalists; most humans
are omnivores
3. An organism that breaks
down organic matter into
smaller compounds; a type
of detritivore; fungi are
decomposers
C. Word Origins
1. the study of our home
(Earth)
2. photosynthesis uses light
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
energy to join together
chemical compounds to
form carbohydrates
a carnivore eats flesh
an herbivore eats vegetation
a detritivore breaks down
organic matter into smaller
pieces
an omnivore eats all things,
plants and animals
chemosynthesis uses
chemical energy to
join together chemical
compounds to form
carbohydrates
an autotroph makes its own
nourishment
9. a heterotroph eats other
organisms to get its
nourishment
10. a biogeochemical cycle
follows the path of a
chemical in both the living
and geological (or earth)
parts of an ecosystem
11. the hydrologic cycle is the
water cycle
12. mass of living things in a
given area
D. Categorize Words
1. wind, A; sunlight, A; deer,
B
2. soil, A; sunflower, B; water,
A
3. fungus, B; snow, A; eagle,
B
4. temperature, A; prairie dog,
B; frog, B
E. Find the Odd Word
1. plant; a carnivore is a
consumer
2. producer; a decomposer is
a type of detritivore
3. autotroph; both omnivores
and herbivores are
consumers (heterotrophs)
4. keystone species; an energy
pyramid is made up of
different trophic levels
light is used as the energy
source
3. a food chain shows a simple
sequence that links one
producer to one consumer
and so on; a food web
shows the complex network
of feeding relationships
within an ecosystem
4. a community is a group
of different species that
live together in one area;
an ecosystem includes
communities of different
species along with all the
abiotic factors within the
area as well
G. Crossword Puzzle
Across
1. energy pyramid
3. trophic level
6. biogeochemical cycle
7. ecosystem
8. biodiversity
10. biome
Down
2. nitrogen fixation
4. decomposer
5. specialist
6. biomass
7. ecology
F. What’s the Difference?
1. a producer makes its
own food from nonliving
resources; a consumer gets
its energy by eating other
organisms
2. chemosynthesis is
the process by which an
organism forms
carbohydrates by using
chemicals as an energy
source; in photosynthesis,
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
Principles of Ecology
Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________
CHAPTER
13
PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY
Vocabulary Practice
ecology
community
ecosystem
biome
biotic
abiotic
biodiversity
keystone species
producer
autotroph
consumer
heterotroph
chemosynthesis
food chain
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
detritivore
decomposer
specialist
generalist
trophic level
food web
biomass
energy pyramid
A. Synonyms or Antonyms Identify the words in each pair as synonyms, which are
words that mean roughly the same thing, or antonyms, which are words that mean roughly the
opposite.
1. producer/autotroph
2. specialist/generalist
3. biotic/abiotic
4. consumer/heterotroph
5. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis
6. herbivore/meat-eater
B. Stepped-Out Vocabulary Define each word. Then write two additional facts that
are related to the word.
WORD
DEFINITION
MORE INFORMATION
Example herbivore
an organism that eats plants
primary consumer
a cow is an herbivore
1. keystone species
2. omnivore
3. decomposer
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
1
Principles of Ecology
Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________
VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED
C. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then
use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word.
bio-
=
life
auto-
eco-
=
home
syn-
=
-vore
=
=
self
carnus =
flesh
hetero- =
different
omnis =
all
together
chemo- =
chemical
detrere =
to wear away
eat
photo- =
light
geo-
earth
-troph =
nourishment
-logy
study of
hydro- =
water
herba =
=
=
vegetation
WORD
DEFINITION
1. ecology
2. photosynthesis
3. carnivore
4. herbivore
5. detritivore
6. omnivore
7. chemosynthesis
8. autotroph
9. heterotroph
10. biomass
D. Categorize Words Write “A” next to words that can describe abiotic factors. Write
“B” next to words that can describe biotic factors.
1.
wind
sunlight
deer
2.
soil
sunflower
water
3.
fungus
snow
eagle
4.
temperature
prairie dog
frog
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
2
Principles of Ecology
Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________
VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED
E. Find the Odd Word Place a check mark next to the word that does not belong and
explain why.
1.
consumer
Explanation
carnivore
plant
2.
detritivore
Explanation
producer
decomposer
3.
omnivore
Explanation
autotroph
herbivore
4.
trophic level
Explanation
energy pyramid
keystone species
F. What’s the Difference? For each pair of words below, describe the difference
between the two terms.
1. producer/consumer
2. chemosynthesis/photosynthesis
3. food chain/food web
4. community/ecosystem
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
3
Principles of Ecology
Name: _____________________________ Class: _________________ Date: __________________
VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED
G. Crossword Puzzle
Use the clues to solve the puzzle.
Across
Down
1. A diagram that compares energy use among
3.
6.
7.
8.
10.
2. The process by which gaseous nitrogen is
trophic levels
Level of nourishment in a food chain
Movement of a particular chemical through
the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem
All of the organisms as well as the abiotic
factors in a given area
The variety of living things in an ecosystem
A major regional or global community of
organisms
1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
converted into ammonia
Detritivore that breaks down organic matter
into simpler compounds
A consumer that primarily eats one specific
organism
The measure of the total dry mass of organisms
in a given area
The study of the interactions among living
things, and between living things and their
surroundings
2.
N
I
3.
T
4.
5.
R
O
6.
B
I
O
G
E
O
C
H
E
M
I
C
A
L
C
Y
C
L
E
E
7.
N
F
8.
9.
I
X
A
T
10.
I
O
N
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Holt McDougal Biology
4
Principles of Ecology