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Biol. 3 Study guide for test 1 8th edition
Chapters: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,21,22,23,30
Fall 2012
Ch. 1 The Nature of Ecology & Ch. 5 Adaptation and Natural Selection
ecology, organism, ecosystem, biosphere, population, community, landscape, evolution, natural
selection, adaptation, fitness, Darwin, flow of energy (producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore,
omnivore, detritivore (decomposer), abiotic, biotic, Linnaeus, taxonomy, binomial name, hierarchy of nomenclature (kingdom, phylum, class, etc.), 3 Domains, Kingdoms in Eukarya and
their basic characteristics, how is ecology like economics, areas of study in ecology, connection
of ecology to other disciplines, scientific method, hypothesis, quantifying ecology, categorical
data, numerical data, frequency distribution, scatter plot, correlation, regression, field
experiments, laboratory experiments, dependent variable and independent variable, experimental
group, control group, models, habitat, niche, antibiotic resistance box (p. 88), p. 68-69 adaptation
of beetle to desert environment
Ch. 2 Climate & Ch. 30 Global Climate Change
climate, weather, visible light, solar radiation, rain shadow effect, greenhouse gasses, greenhouse
effect, deforestation, burning fossil fuels, rising CO2, El Nino, microclimate, topography,
maritime vs. continental climate, Mediterranean climate, landscape, seasonal variation, south
facing vs. north facing slopes, xeric (arid) vs. mesic, C.H. Merriam's life zones, rainfall inches
per year in various areas, topography, Evolution of Landscapes?
Ch. 6 Plant Adaptations
photosynthesis, cellular respiration, autotroph, heterotroph, stomata, mesophyll, chlorophyll,
carotenoids, visible light, UV light, ozone layer, CFC's, light absorbed, reflected and\or
transmitted, photoperiod, temperature, perennial, transpiration, categories of leaf shape p. 100,
leaf morphology and light p. 103, shade-intolerant, shade tolerant, C3, C4, CAM,
Ch. 3 Aquatic Environment & Ch. 7 Animal Adaptations (p.123 and 130-138)
hydrologic cycle, groundwater, precipitation, infiltration, surface runoff, evaporation,
transpiration, water table,groundwater resources: Ogallala Aquifer (p. 38), estuary (p.49),
properties (characteristics) of water (ie. high heat of vaporization, surface tension), solution,
solvent, solute, acidity, alkaline, water balance, osmoregulation, osmotic potential, osmosis,
selectively permeable, freshwater vs. marine fish, hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, isosmotic, Mono
Lake--brine shrimp, Kangaroo rat, , ways animals maintain a water balance, thermoregulation,
equation for body temperature, metabolism, radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation,
insulation, boundary layer, poikilotherm, homeotherm, endotherm, ectotherm, thermal neutral
zone
Ch. 4 Terrestrial Environment
Transition from water to land (changes needed, adaptive constraints), soil, 5 factors that
determine characteristics of soil, soil horizons (p. 61) and characteristics of each, erosion,
weathering, leaching, oxisol (p. 63)
Ch. 22 Decomposition, 23 Biogeochemical cycles
nutrient flow, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, decomposition, acid deposition (from sulfur and
nitrogen)
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Ch. 21 Ecosystem Energetics
previous terms like community, ecosystem, omnivore, carnivore, herbivore, autotroph,
heterotroph
potential energy, kinetic energy, first & second laws of thermodynamics, trophic level, pyramid
of energy, food chain, food web, ecological efficiency, primary producers, primary production,
GPP, NPP, biomass, primary productivity, NPP of major ecosystems p. 401 table 21.1, food
chain efficiency (ecological efficiency), causes for energy loss, human impact-- should you try to
eat lower on the food chain?
Film on "Diet For A New America:" Ecological impact of the human diet? (health and
ecological impact)
**You may have short answer, essay, multiple choice, true/false, matching, definitions and fillin-the-blanks, and "yes" spelling counts!!!!
Sample Essays
1. Explain how antibiotic resistance relates to natural selection. P. 88
2. Diagram and explain the rain shadow effect p. 30
3. Diagram and explain the hydrologic cycle. P. 37
4. List and explain C.H. Merriam's life zones and 2 examples of plants that would be found in
each area.
5. Diagram the carbon cycle.
6. Diagram and explain an ecological pyramid of energy (why is energy lost at each level?)
7. Define natural selection and explain how it was observed in the English peppered moth.
8. Diagram and explain the difference between the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion.
9. What is acid deposition?
10. Visit David Suzuki’s web site (www.davidsuzuki.org)
Click on the “issues” tab. Give a brief overview of climate change and one other issue.
Click on “What you can do,” how do you reduce your carbon footprint? How can you eat for a
healthy planet? Can you be “green” your workplace?
drah yduts!!!
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