Download Social Studies 9 Final Exam Study Guide

Socials Studies 9 – Final Exam Study Guide
NOTE: The following list of terms, topics and questions is a study guide to help you study. HOWEVER, this study sheet
does not cover all the material that may be tested. Students are reminded to skim read the textbook again, take notes and go
over your notebook material.
ALL INFORMATION LISTED BELOW HAS BEEN COMPILED FROM YOUR CROSSROADS TEXTBOOK OR
YOUR CLASS NOTES.
TOPIC ONE: THE MODERN AGE IN EUROPE
Reference: Chapter 1 of Crossroads
Terms to know: Renaissance, Middle Ages, Reformation, Martin Luther, Roman Catholic, pope, Protestant, feudal, “kingly
virtues”, Divine Right of Kings, empire, economy, emergence, three-field system, humanism, philosophy, printing press,
Scientific Revolution, Copernicus, Galileo, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, Vesalius, Brahe, Van Leewenhoek
Questions to help you study for this section:
Which changes resulted in Europe’s kings gaining a greater degree of power in the 16 th century?
What was the Reformation? What caused it? What effects did it have?
Describe and explain the Divine Right of Kings.
How did the idea of “the nation” emerge?
How did changes in agriculture affect Europe starting in the 17 th century?
Describe how the decline of feudalism affected Europe?
What is imperialism and how did Europe change as a result of it?
Explain how the following items in Europe changed in Europe due to the Renaissance and the Scientific
Revolution: philosophy, art, literature, technology, education, the view of humanity.
9. How did beliefs change as a result of scientific advancements in the 16th and 17th centuries?
10. Explain how science and religion conflicted during this period.
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TOPIC TWO: ENGLAND: PARLIAMENT VERSUS MONARCHY
Reference: Chapter 2 of Crossroads
Terms to know: Magna Carta, Protestants, Church of England/Anglican Church, Calvinists/Puritans, religious intolerance,
witch hunts, Stuarts, absolute monarchies versus constitutional monarchies, Divine Right of Kings, Court of Star Chamber,
Strafford’s Fork, seditious libel, Long Parliament, English Civil War, Rump Parliament, Oliver Cromwell, Roundheads,
Cavaliers, Pride’s Purge, Lord Protector
Blue Laws, Charles II, regicides, Glorious Revolution, James II, Bill of Rights
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Describe the structure of English society in the 17th century?
How was English diet altered and why?
What were the differences between the Anglicans and the Puritans?
Why did witch-hunts occur and how justified were they?
What conditions led to the growing conflicts between the parliament and Charles I?
What mistakes did Parliament make in its dealings with Charles I?
To what extent was the execution of Charles I justified?
Was Cromwell a tyrant or a just leader? Give reasons for both arguments?
Why and how did Parliament get rid of James II?
TOPIC THREE: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION:
Reference: Chapter 3 of Crossroads
Terms to know: tithe, inflation, bourgeoisie, tariffs, Place of Versailles, Sun King, Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, Custom of
Paris, Philosophies, Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Estates General/Three estates, Tennis Court Oath, Fall of Bastille,
great fear, Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, émigrés, Girondists, Jacobins, Sans Culottes, Marat Danton,
Robespierre, Citizen Louis Capet, Reign of Terror Law of Suspects, guillotine, Directory.
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Explain how life was difficult for peasants in France.
Why was the bourgeoisie disenchanted with the monarchy?
Why was Louis XIV in so much debt?
Explain the similarities and differences of the “big three philosophies regarding the relationship between
parliaments and monarchs.
What was the flaw in the voting system of the Three Estates?
What was the historical significance of the Storming of Bastille?
What role did women play in the French Revolution?
Give as many reasons as possible why the Reign of Terror was just that.
TOPIC FOUR: THE NAPOLEONIC ERA
Reference: Chapter 4 of Crossroads
Terms to know: Napoleon Bonaparte, Josephine Bonaparte, Battle of the Nile, First Consul, Napoleonic Code, Madame de
Stael, censorship, Continental System, Grand Armee, nationalism, guerrilla warfare, Russian Campaign, Bonapartists,
Battle of Waterloo, Saint Helena, Congress of Vienna
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Explain why Napoleon progressed so far so fast in the French Army?
Explain why Napoleon’s Italian campaign was more successful than his Egyptian campaign.
Give one compliment and one criticism of the Napoleonic Code.
Describe the Continental System.
What were some of the benefits and costs for European countries under Napoleonic rule?
Give as many reasons as possible for the failure of the Grand Armee in the Russian campaign.
How devastating was the Russian campaign statistically for France?
Explain why the Battle of Waterloo is such a famous event in history.
TOPIC FIVE: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Reference: Chapter 5 of Crossroads
Terms to know: technology, global, mother country industrialization, global warming, Test Act, capital, raw materials, strip
farming, common lands, enclosure, three-field system, selective breeding, Seed Drill, Jethro Tull, “Turnip” Townshend,
entrepreneurs, franchise, laissez-faire, Tories, Whigs, textile, domestic system, weaving, spinning, Flying Shuttle, Spinning
Jenny, Water Frame, The ‘mule’, James Watt, steam engine, macadam roads, capitalist, factory system, child labour, The
Factory Acts, social reformers, ‘Society’, the class system, The Poor Law, slums, menial, Irish Potato Famine, The Scottish
Highland Clearances, land speculators, absentee landlords
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How was the Industrial Revolution ‘revolutionary’?
Explain how Britain, as the mother country, traded with its colonies and other countries.
Why was Britain the first country to industrialize?
Describe the medieval system of farming. How was enclosure different?
What were some technological advancements that contributed to the revolution in agriculture?
Describe changes in the textile industry in the Industrial Revolution.
How did the steam engine revolutionize the manufacturing of products?
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the domestic and factory systems of manufacturing?
Explain the advancements in transportation during the Industrial Revolution.
What types of jobs were children expected to do during the Industrial Revolution?
What were the Factory Acts and what were they intended to do?
Which jobs fit into the different parts of the class system in Industrial Britain?
Describe the lives of women and the poor during the Industrial Revolution.
How did the Irish Potato Famine and The Highland Clearances promote the movement of people from Britain to its
colonies?
TOPIC SIX: THE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA
Reference: Chapter 6 of Crossroads
Terms to know: region, tectonic, fold mountains, volcanic mountains, erosions, glaciation, topography, climate, vegetation,
igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rock, coniferous, deciduous, maritime climate, coastal climate, boreal
forest, muskeg, rain shadow, plateau, tundra
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What are the different regions of North America?
Explain what tectonic forces are and what types of landforms they caused in North America.
What is different between fold mountains and volcanic mountains?
How has erosion and glaciation contributed to some of the landforms in North America?
How do topography and climate relate? How do climate and vegetation relate? How do topography and vegetation
relate? Give examples.
What is unique about the Appalachian mountains?
Where can the Coastal Plains be found in North America? What is drastically different about these areas?
How do the Great Lakes affect the climate of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands region?
Explain how a continental climate and maritime climate is different.
What forces created and shaped the Canadian Shield?
Describe the ‘rain-shadow’ effect.
Describe how location and elevation affect the climate and vegetation of the Intermountain region.
Why is the Arctic defined as a desert?
TOPIC SIX: THE FIRST NATIONS OF CANADA
Reference: Chapter 7 of Crossroads
Terms to Know: subsistence, ethnography, social organization, kinship, matrilocal, patrilocal, patriarchal, patrilineal,
matrilineal, bilateral, Inuit, igloo, soapstone, inukshuk, caribou, Iroquois, palisades, nuclear family, civil chief, military
chief, clan, Plains, buffalo, tipis, blinds, pound, pemmican, buffalo jumps, Sun Dance, fast, Plateau, pit house, Northwest
Coast, rank, privilege, potlatch, Salish, longhouse, totem poles, nobles, habitations, midden
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What are the different types of kinship amongst the First Nations cultural groups of Canada?
Describe some of the ways that the Inuit were able to survive in the harsh Arctic climate.
How did the Inuit adapt to the Arctic summer differently than the Arctic winter?
Describe the Inuit caribou hunt.
How did the social organization of the Inuit and the Iroquois (Woodlands) differ?
Describe the democratic structure of Iroquois society.
Which crops did the Iroquois grow? How did farming change their society?
Describe the importance of the buffalo to the Plains people.
How did the Plains people hunt the buffalo?
What was the purpose of the Sun Dance?
How were the houses of the Plateau people different than those of the Nortwest Coast peoples?
Describe the importance of salmon to both the Plateau and Northwest Coast peoples of Canada.
Explain the complex social organization of the Northwest Coast First Nations people of Canada.
What was the potlatch and how was it part of maintaining social harmony?
Describe how art was an important part of Northwest Coast First Nations' lives.
How was food a major factor in settlement and habitation on the Northwest Coast?
TOPIC SEVEN: ARRIVAL IN CANADA
Reference: Chapter 8 of Crossroads
Terms to Know: Viking, saga, artifact, L’Anse aux Meadows, Leif Erikson, monopoly, Christopher Columbus, Northwest
Passage, John Cabot, ‘New Found Land’, meatless Fridays, Jacques Cartier, Taignoagny, Domagaya, Donnacona,
Saguenay, Quebec, Hochelaga, scurvy, fur trade, Basque, Samuel de Champlain, New France, Reformation, Sieur de Monts,
Port Royal, The Company of Good Cheer, Acadia, Stadacona, Algonkians, Montagnais, Hurons, castor gras d’hiver,
coureur de bois, missionaries, conversion, charter, seigneuries, Jesuits, Company of 100 Associates, Pierre Radisson,
Medart de Groseillers, Hudson’s Bay Company, intendant, governor, bishop, mercantilism, filles du roi, Jean Talon,
Francois de Laval, Frontenac, habitants, seigneur, midwives, emissaries, Ursuline Order of Nuns, King William’s War,
Queen Anne’s War, Treaty of Utrecht, Acadian exile, Louisbourg, Seven Years’ War, Marquis de Montcalm, General
James Wolfe, Plains of Abraham, Treaty of Paris
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What was the main reason for the exploration and colonization of the New World?
What evidence is there of the Vikings’ voyages and settlement in North America?
Describe John Cabot and his voyages to the New World for England. What was his fate?
Recount Jacques Cartier’s voyages to the New World for France.
What products did French and English explorers find in abundance in the New World
Describe Samuel de Champlain’s ‘habitations’ at Port Royal and Quebec (Stadacona)
How did trade alliance with the Native peoples benefit the French? How did they benefit the Natives?
Why did the French wish to convert the Natives to Catholicism?
Describe the Jesuit missions designed for the task in question #12.
How did the Dutch and English infringe on the French presence in North America?
Explain how the fur trade was an important part of mercantilism between New France and France
How did New France change when it became a royal province?
Describe the life of the habitants in New France.
What caused the ‘rivalry and conflict’ between the French and English in North America?
Describe this rivalry and conflict before the Seven Years’ War.
Explain the differences in ideas between the Marquis de Vaudreuil and those of the Marquis de Montcalm.
Why was the capture of Louisbourg by the British a major blow to the French?
Why did the French lose the Seven Years’ War?
Why was the Treaty of Paris significant in the history of North America?
TOPIC EIGHT: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND BRITISH NORTH AMERICA
Reference: Chapter 10 of Crossroads
Terms to Know: The Proclamation of 1763, Guy Carleton, Canadiens, Captains of the Militia, The Thirteen Colonies, land
speculation, Ohio Valley, The Quebec Act of 1774, The Stamp Act, ‘taxation without representation’, repealed, George III,
‘Boston Massacre’, ‘Sons of Liberty’, The Boston Tea Party, the ‘shot heard around the world’, Battle of Lexington Green,
George Washington, Continental Army, The Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, Battle of Yorktown, patriots,
loyalists, ‘Tories’, Joseph Brant, Mohawks, The Constitutional Act of 1791, steerage, pioneer, Black Loyalists, Upper and
Lower Canada, John Graves Simcoe, The British Bond, The War of 1812, James Madison, General Brock, Tecumseh
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How did Quebec change after the Treaty of Paris in 1763?
What rights did the French keep under the Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774?
How were the two laws in question #2 similar and different?
Why were the Americans unhappy about the Proclamation of 1763?
Why were the Americans unhappy with the Quebec Act of 1774?
Describe the events and provocations by Britain that led to the breakout of the American Revolution.
How was the Declaration of Independence significant in British and American history?
Why did the American Revolution succeed?
Why did the Loyalists escape to Canada? Where did they settle?
How did the arrival of the Loyalists in Canada result in the Constitutional Act?
Describe the lives of some of the different pioneers in Upper Canada.
What were the causes and effects of the War of 1812?