Download Pearl Harbor 1941

PEARL HARBOR 1941
THE DAY OF INFAMY
December 7, 1941
 Pearl Harbor
 Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong,
and Singapore
 “A Day that will live in Infamy”

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
1942…
War expands: N. Africa, Soviet Front, Pacific
 U.S. Mobilizes:
 1st U.S. wants revenge
 Churchill urged united strikes on N. Africa & S.
Europe– U.S. agrees

 Stalin
angry; wanted 2nd front in France
PACIFIC….1942

Japanese victories: “Asia for the Asians”
 Phillipines—Corregidor:
MacArthur escapes; saves
U.S. morale, promises to return!
 Hong Kong
 Malaya
 Burma
 Indochina
Conquerors, brutal treatment,
CORREGIDOR– MARCH 1942
MACARTHUR
Head of Pacific forces
 Island hopping plan– “Hit ‘em where they ain’t.
Let ‘em die on the vine”.

Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans]
Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to
POW camps in the Philippines.
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans]
Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to
POW camps in the Philippines.
JAPANESE WAR CRIMES @ BATAAN
Beheadings, torture, starvations, executions,
beatings, stabbings, buried alive, etc.
 Deaths: Est. 11,000

Singapore Surrenders
[February, 1942]
ALLIES STRIKE BACK
April 1942: Doolittle’s Raid—bombs Tokyo—U.S.
morale up/ Japan down (psych. Victory)
 May 1942: Battle of Coral Sea– Allies (U.S. &
Aust.) intercept Jap. Force abt to attack Aust.
**1st in naval history: ships don’t fight, aircraft
from carriers destroy ships!!
Outcome: Draw– more Allied ships sunk BUT
Japan’s attack on Aust. Stopped!!

PACIFIC…1942

June: Battle of Midway **turning pt.
Key U.S. air field
 Jap. Code broken; Ad. Chester Nimitz knows HUGE
fleet is coming
 Nimitz’s ambush; hides carriers & attacks
Japanese unexpectedly
 Outcome:
Japanese losses: 4 aircraft carriers & 332 planes,
200 exp. Pilots,
U.S. now on the offense; Japan must defend!
Prevents Jap. From attacking Aust.

Battle of Midway Island:
June 4-6, 1942
MEANWHILE, BACK IN EUROPE & N. AFRICA
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July: 1st El Alamein- Brits halt German advance
to Cairo & on
Oct. – Nov.: 2nd El Alamein
Brits w/ “Monty” Bernard Montgomery
Germans: Rommel
Turning pt.: Ends Axis hopes of Egypt, Suez
canal & oil
OPERATION TORCH: NOV. 1942

Who: Allies (including U.S.)
 West.

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Task force under: Maj. Gen. George S. Patton
Goal: take out Vichy N. Africa
Continues into 1943
Kasserine Pass 1st


large U.S. /German encounter
Maj. Losses for green U.S. military
Results: Eisenhower begins restructuring Army
Patton sent in to replace Fredendall
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD : TURNING PT.
Summer 1942 – Feb. 1943
 German 6th army
 Soviets hold-out, fighting bld. To bld., winter
sets in, Germans freezing & encircled
 Hitler’s “air bridge” to supply 6th army = fail!
 Signif: Russians on offensive; maj. German
losses 6th army & to Lufwaffe
91,000 Germans capt. 5,000 returned….

1943

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February- Germans surrender @ Stalingrad
May- Axis surr. In French N. Africa
July- Italian campaign—slow (see 598 – 599)



Sicily
Patton & Monty
Patton’s troubles
1943…

Nov. : Tehran Conference Big
3 meet: (Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt) to
determine course of war
 Decisions: Invade Franch in Spring, divide post-war
Germany
1943…



Pacific…
Nov: Island hopping con’t
Tarawa Island
1943… RE-CAP
Jan: Casablanca Conf.: (Only 2 of big 3)
 Feb.: Germans surrender @ Stalingrad
 May: Axis surrenders N. Africa
 July: Italian Campaign begins
 Nov. Tehran Conf. (Big 3)

1944…
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Operation Overlord – Spring/Summer offensive
Massive Build up
Sup. Allied Commander: Dwight D. Eisenhower
Normandy vs. Calais
The Atlantic Wall: Rommel
Patton’s fake army
D-DAY ; JUNE 6, 1944
176,000 Allied Soldiers
 Paratroopers
 Gold, Juno, Sword, Utah, and Omaha Beaches

VALKYRIE
July 20, 1944
 Assassination attempt
 Rommel

LIBERATION OF FRANCE
Breakout of the Hedgerows
 Patton’s 3rd Army
 August 25, 1944 Paris

LIBERATION OF FRANCE
Breakout of the Hedgerows
 Patton’s 3rd Army
 August 25, 1944 Paris

MEANWHILE IN THE PACIFIC…..1944
“I have returned”— MacArthur
 Allies land on Leyte, Philippines
 Oct. Battle of Leyte Gulf- Japanese attempt to
destroy Am. fleet


Result: Jap. Navy weakened; Kamikazes & army
last hope!
EUROPE: DECEMBER, 1944
Operation Market Garden
 December 1944
 Bastogne
 “Nuts!”
 Patton

ON TO BERLIN!

Firebombing Dresden: Feb. 1945
 Non-military


target
Cultural city
Massive civilian loss
HEADING TO GERMANY…
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March 1945: Allies crossing the Rhine
3 million Allies from S.W.
6 million Soviets from E.
April 25th: Soviets surround Berlin
April 12th: Roosevelt dies; Truman pres.
V-E DAY
May 7, 1945– Eisenhower accepts
unconditional surrender
 May 8th: official V-E Day
