Download Germany 1933-39: Life before the War

Describe the RAD (4)
Describe the RAD (4)
• Created in 1935
• Unemployed men between 18-25 had to join
for 6 monthes
• Did manual labour for little pay
• Reduced unemployment
Describe the DAF (4)
Describe the DAF (4)
•
•
•
•
Created on 2 May 1933
Replaced trade unions
Had to pay to be a member
Got relatively high wages but did not have the
right to strike or other work place rights
• If you weren’t a member it was hard to find a
job
Describe the Strength Through Joy (4)
Describe the Strength Through Joy (4)
• Created in 1933. Called the KdF
• The Nazis sponsored the leisure activities of hard
working and loyal Germans ad paid for cinema/theatre
tickets, cheap cruises and sporting activities
• Also improved working conditions e.g. better lighting
• Volkswagon Scheme in 1938 was part of the KdF where
workers paid 5 marks a week and got a car at the end
of it but noone received their car
• This was a way of controlled the leisure time of
ordinary Germans
Describe Nazi policies around women
between 1933-39 (4)
Describe Nazi policies around women
between 1933-39 (4)
• Nazi policy revolved around KKK (KINDER KIRCHE KUCHE:
CHILDREN KITCHEN CHURCH)
• They wanted women to be mothers and they were sacked from
their jobs
• Women were expected to dress traditionally i.e. no makeup and
conservative dress
• League of German Maidens and school encouraged young girl to
stick to these ideals
• Propaganda campaigns encouraged them to stay at home
• The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (1933) gave newly
married couples loans they could keep if they had 4 children
• On 12 August (Hitler’s mother’s birthday) medals were given to
women who had large families
Describe Nazi youth policies between
1933-39 (4)
Describe Nazi youth policies between
1933-39 (4)
Education
• Curriculum was changed e.g. race studies introduced and all text books replaced so that
they included Nazi ideas e.g. hatred of the Treaty of Verailles and Jews
• All teachers had to belong to the Nazi Teacher’s League to make sure they taught Nazi
ideals
• All lessons began and ended with the Heil Hitler salute
• Boys were encouraged to learn military skills and girls motherhood skills
• Children were indoctrinated/brainwashed
Hitler Youth (Jungvolk)/League of German Maidens (Jungmadel)
• Hitler Youth for boys and German maidens for girls
• For children aged 10-18
• 1939 membership was compulsory
• Boys encouraged to learn military skills and girls encouraged to learn skills which would
help them to be mothers
The youth were controlled in school and out
Describe the Hitler Youth (4)
Describe the Hitler Youth (4)
Hitler Youth (Jungvolk)/League of German
Maidens (Jungmadel)
• Hitler Youth for boys and German maidens for
girls
• For children aged 10-18
• 1939 membership was compulsory
• Boys encouraged to learn military skills and
girls encouraged to learn skills which would
help them to be mothers
Describe the 4 year plan (4)
Describe the 4 year plan (4)
• Goering drew up the 4 year plan to make
Germany ready for war in 1936
• He wanted autarky (self sufficiency)
• Millions was invested in rearming Germany
and in 1939 26 billion marks was invested into
making weapons
Describe the National Reich Chruch (4)
Describe the National Reich Chruch (4)
• National Reich Church was created in 1933
• The Nazis created this church to replace the
Protestant Church
• The Bible was replaced with Mein Kampf and
the cross with a word
• Their slogan was “the swastika on our chests
and the Cross in our hearts”
• The leader of the church was Ludwig Muller
(Reich Bishop)
Describe the SS (4)
Describe the SS (4)
• (Schutzstaffel)
• Formed in 1925 to act as Hitler’s private body
guard. They wore black and were led by Heinrich
Himmler
• They were responsible for the removal of
enemies of the state
• The SS ran the Gestapo and the concentration
camps
• They created a climate of fear and terror and
implemented a police state
Describe the gestapo (4)
Describe the gestapo (4)
• Secret Police set up in 1933 by Goering
• They were led by Reinhard Heydrich
• They removed enemies of the Nazi Party by
arresting them (without evidence) and sending
them to concentration camps
• 1939 there were 160,000 people arrested for
political crimes
• They created a climate of terror and fear and
restricted people’s freedom of speech
•
Describe the Nazis use of
concentration camps between 193339 (4)
Describe the Nazis use of
concentration camps between 193339 (4)
• SS ran these
• First was Dachau in April 1933
• Opposition to the Nazis would be taken here
to be questioned and tortured
• If a prisoner died their family would receive a
letter saying they had been ill or had tried to
escape
• People were terrified of going here
Describe the Nazis use of propaganda
between 1933-39 (4)
Describe the Nazis use of propaganda
between 1933-39 (4)
• Josef Goebbels was the Minister for propaganda and controlled the media
• Non-Nazi newspapers were shut down
• Cheap radios were produced which could only get German/Nazi channels
and speakers were put up in the street
• Goebbels made films with a Nazi slant and there were 45 minute Nazi
broadcasts before the film
• There were mass rallies
• Books were censored and some banned
• Posters showing the Nazis as heros were everywhere
• 1934 “Law against Malicious Gossip” meant that you faced death if you told
an anti-Nazi joke
• Many artists were banned
The Nazis wanted to control the hearts and minds of the German people
Describe the Nazis use of censorship
between 1933-39 (4)
Describe the Nazis use of censorship
between 1933-39 (4)
• Josef Goebbels was the Minister for propaganda and controlled the
media
• Non-Nazi newspapers were shut down
• Cheap radios were produced which could only get German/Nazi
channels and speakers were put up in the street
• Goebbels made films with a Nazi slant and there were 45 minute
Nazi broadcasts before the film
• Books were censored and some banned
• 1934 “Law against Malicious Gossip” meant that you faced death if
you told an anti-Nazi joke
• Many artists were banned
The Nazis wanted to control the hearts and minds of the German
people
Describe Kristallnacht (4)
Describe Kristallnacht (4)
• 9.10 November - Kristallnact
• (Night of the Broken Glass/Crystal Night)
• In revenge for a Jew killing a Nazi official in Paris
Goebbels organised an anti Jewish demonstration
(a pogrom) which ended with attacks on Jewish
property and synagogues.
• 100 Jews were Killed and 20,000 sent to
concentration camps.
• So many Germans were horrified by the event
that the Nazis had to say it was a random attack
and hadn’t been organised
Describe the Nuremberg Laws (4)
Describe the Nuremberg Laws (4)
• September 1935
• Nuremburg laws were a series of laws
persecuting Jewish people
• E.g. German citizenship removed and no
sexual relations were allowed with Aryans
Explain how the Nazis controlled the
church
Explain how the Nazis controlled the
church
1. The Catholic Church
• Hitler made a deal with the Pope (a concordat) saying he would not interfere with the
church
• Hitler broke the deal and the Pope made a speech criticising Hitler
• In response to the Pope’s speech Hitler arrested 400 priests and sent them to
concentration camps
2. Protestant Church
• Hitler made all of these churches become part of the National Reich Church
• Some Priests like Martin Niemoler did not agree and created a rival church “the
Confessional Church”. Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp and the
Confessional church was banned in 1938
3.
•
•
•
•
National Reich Church (created in 1933)
The Nazis created this church to replace the Protestant Church
The Bible was replaced with Mein Kampf and the cross with a word
Their slogan was “the swastika on our chests and the Cross in our hearts”
The leader of the church was Ludwig Muller (Reich Bishop)
Explain how the Nazis controlled the
church
Explain how the SS helped Hitler to
control Germans
1. SS (Schutzstaffel)
• Formed in 1925 to act as Hitler’s private body guard. They wore black and were led by Heinrich Himmler
• They enforced the police state
• They were responsible for the removal of enemies of the state
• The SS ran the Gestapo and the concentration camps
2. Gestapo
• Secret Police set up in 1933 by Goering
• They were led by Reinhard Heydrich
• They removed enemies of the Nazi Party by arresting them (without evidence) and sending them to
concentration camps
• 1939 there were 160,000 people arrested for political crimes
• They created a climate of terror and fear and restricted people’s freedom of speech
3. Concentration camps
• SS ran these
• First was Dachau in April 1933
• Opposition to the Nazis would be taken here to be questioned and tortured
• If a prisoner died their family would receive a letter saying they had been ill or had tried to escape
• People were terrified of going here
Explain how the Nazis reduced
unemployment between 1933-39
Talk about any 3 of the following
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RAD
Invisible unemployment
4 year plan
Rearmament
Public Work Schemes
Explain how the Nazis controlled
women between 1933-39
Explain how the Nazis controlled
women between 1933-39
• Nazi policy revolved around KKK (KINDER KIRCHE KUCHE: CHILDREN
KITCHEN CHURCH)
• They wanted women to be mothers and were expected to dress
traditionally i.e. no makeup and conservative dress
1. Propaganda campaigns encouraged them to stay at home. On 12
August (Hitler’s mother’s birthday) medals were given to women who had
large families
2.
Laws: The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (1933) gave newly
married couples loans they could keep if they had 4 children
3. Education: League of German Maidens and school encouraged young
girl to stick to these ideals
Explain how the Nazis controlled youth
between 1933-39
Explain how the Nazis controlled youth
1933-39
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Curriculum was changed e.g. race studies introduced and all text books replaced so that they
included Nazi ideas e.g. hatred of the Treaty of Verailles and Jews
All teachers had to belong to the Nazi Teacher’s League to make sure they taught Nazi ideals
All lessons began and ended with the Heil Hitler salute
Boys were encouraged to learn military skills and girls motherhood skills
Children were indoctrinated/brainwashed
Hitler Youth (Jungvolk)/League of German Maidens (Jungmadel)
Hitler Youth for boys and German maidens for girls
For children aged 10-18
1939 membership was compulsory
Boys encouraged to learn military skills and girls encouraged to learn skills which would help
them to be mothers
The youth were controlled in school and out
Explain how the Nazis persecuted Jews
between 1933-39
Explain how the Nazis persecuted Jews
between 1933-39
1. Laws: September 1935 Nuremberg Laws (took away
citizenship and no sexual relations were allowed with
Aryans) and . November 1938 – Children banned from
German school
2. In School: Anti Semitism was very evident in schools
(lessons and textbooks)
3. Violence: 9.10 November - Kristallnact (Night of the
Broken Glass/Crystal Night): In revenge for a Jew killing a
Nazi official in Paris Goebbels organised an anti Jewish
demonstration which ended with attacks on Jewish
property and synagoges. 100 Jews were Killed and 20,000
sent to concentration camps. So many Germans were
horrified by the event that the Nazis had to say it was a
random attack and hadn’t been organised
Explain how the Nazis controlled the
legal system 1933-39
Explain how the Nazis controlled the
legal system 1933-39
1. All Judges replaced with Nazis
2. All lawyers had to be a member of the
League for the Maintenance of Law
3. Hitler altered sentences if he felt they were
too soft
Explain how propaganda helped the
Nazis to control Germans
Explain how propaganda helped the
Nazis to control Germans
• Josef Goebbels was the Minister for propaganda and
controlled the media
1. The Nazi Message was everywhere: Non-Nazi newspapers
were shut down: speakers were put up in the street
2. Censorship meant only the Nazi message could be heard:
Cheap radios were produced which could only get
German/Nazi channels; Books were censored and some
banned
3. They wanted to control the hearts and minds of the
German people: Goebbels made films with a Nazi slant
and there were 45 minute Nazi broadcasts before the film,
posters showing the Nazis as heros were everywhere
How important was the police state to
the Nazis regime
How important was the police state to
the Nazis regime
•
The police has ultimate power and can arrest and detain without evidence
1. SS (Schutzstaffel)
• Formed in 1925 to act as Hitler’s private body guard. They wore black and were led by Heinrich Himmler
• They were responsible for the removal of enemies of the state
• The SS ran the Gestapo and the concentration camps
2. Gestapo
• Secret Police set up in 1933 by Goering
• They were led by Reinhard Heydrich
• They removed enemies of the Nazi Party by arresting them (without evidence) and sending them to
concentration camps
• 1939 there were 160,000 people arrested for political crimes
• They created a climate of terror and fear and restricted people’s freedom of speech
3. Concentration camps
• SS ran these
• First was Dachau in April 1933
• Opposition to the Nazis would be taken here to be questioned and tortured
• If a prisoner died their family would receive a letter saying they had been ill or had tried to escape
• People were terrified of going here
CONCLUSION: They created a climate of fear which allowed the Nazis to keep the nation under strict control
How important was controlling youth
to the Nazis regime
How important was controlling youth
to the Nazis regime
•
The Nazis wanted a 1000 year Reich and believed the youth were the future of Germany
Education
• Curriculum was changed e.g. race studies introduced and all text books replaced so that they
included Nazi ideas e.g. hatred of the Treaty of Verailles and Jews
• All teachers had to belong to the Nazi Teacher’s League to make sure they taught Nazi ideals
• All lessons began and ended with the Heil Hitler salute
• Boys were encouraged to learn military skills and girls motherhood skills
• Children were indoctrinated/brainwashed
Hitler Youth (Jungvolk)/League of German Maidens (Jungmadel)
• Hitler Youth for boys and German maidens for girls
• For children aged 10-18
• 1939 membership was compulsory
• Boys encouraged to learn military skills and girls encouraged to learn skills which would help
them to be mothers
• The youth were controlled in school and out
CONCLUSION: It was massively important to ensuring the future of Germany and the future of
Nazi ideals in it
How important was propaganda to the
Nazis regime
How important was propaganda to the
Nazis regime
• Josef Goebbels was the Minister for propaganda and controlled the
media
1. The Nazi Message was everywhere: Non-Nazi newspapers were
shut down: speakers were put up in the street
2. Censorship meant only the Nazi message could be heard: Cheap
radios were produced which could only get German/Nazi
channels; Books were censored and some banned
3. They wanted to control the hearts and minds of the German
people: Goebbels made films with a Nazi slant and there were 45
minute Nazi broadcasts before the film, posters showing the Nazis
as heros were everywhere
CONCLUSION: It was massively important to the Nazi regime as it
ensured that Germans were completely indoctrinated and controlled
by Nazi ideas
How important was policies around
women to the Nazis regime
How important was policies around
women to the Nazis regime
• Nazi policy revolved around KKK (KINDER KIRCHE KUCHE: CHILDREN KITCHEN
CHURCH)
• They wanted women to be mothers and were expected to dress traditionally
i.e. no makeup and conservative dress
1. Propaganda campaigns encouraged them to stay at home. On 12 August
(Hitler’s mother’s birthday) medals were given to women who had large families
2.
Laws: The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (1933) gave newly
married couples loans they could keep if they had 4 children
3. Education: League of German Maidens and school encouraged young girl to
stick to these ideals
CONCLUSION: Women were important as they were going to bring up their
children in the Nazi way and encourage them to stick to the Nazi ideas and make a
stronger Germany
How important was controlling the
church to the Nazis regime
How important was controlling the
church to the Nazis regime
1. The Catholic Church
• Hitler made a deal with the Pope (a concordat) saying he would not interfere with the
church
• Hitler broke the deal and the Pope made a speech criticising Hitler
• In response to the Pope’s speech Hitler arrested 400 priests and sent them to concentration
camps
2. Protestant Church
• Hitler made all of these churches become part of the National Reich Church
• Some Priests like Martin Niemoler did not agree and created a rival church “the Confessional
Church”. Niemoller was sent to a concentration camp and the Confessional church was
banned in 1938
3. National Reich Church (created in 1933)
• The Nazis created this church to replace the Protestant Church
• The Bible was replaced with Mein Kampf and the cross with a word
• Their slogan was “the swastika on our chests and the Cross in our hearts”
• The leader of the church was Ludwig Muller (Reich Bishop)
It was important that the Nazis controlled the church as Christianity went against Nazi ideology
and Hitler did not want people to put their love of God before their loyalty to the Fuhrer
How important was rearmament to
the Nazis regime
How important was rearmament to
the Nazis regime
• 4 year plan
• Goering drew up the 4 year plan to make Germany ready for
war in 1936
• He wanted autarky (self sufficiency)
•
•
•
•
Rearmament
1939 26 billion marks was spent on rearming Germany
Created jobs and reduced unemployment
Conscription – everyone had to join the army
CONCLUSION: Hitler wanted to be prepared for war and more
prepared than other countries
These schemes also provided jobs
How important was the persecution of
Jews to the Nazis regime (6)
How important was the persecution of
Jews to the Nazis regime
1.
2.
3.
Laws: September 1935 Nuremberg Laws (took away citizenship and
no sexual relations were allowed with Aryans) and . November 1938
– Children banned from German school
In School: Anti Semitism was very evident in schools (lessons and
textbooks)
Violence: 9.10 November - Kristallnact (Night of the Broken
Glass/Crystal Night): In revenge for a Jew killing a Nazi official in Paris
Goebbels organised an anti Jewish demonstration which ended with
attacks on Jewish property and synagoges. 100 Jews were Killed and
20,000 sent to concentration camps. So many Germans were
horrified by the event that the Nazis had to say it was a random attack
and hadn’t been organised
CONCLUSION: The Nazis saw Jews as sub-human and as polluting the
Aryan race. They wanted them excluded from society and went to
extremes to do so
Did ordinary Germans benefit under
German rule (12)
Did ordinary Germans benefit under
German rule (12)
YES: Economically: Job schemes e.g. RAD (1935)/rearmament meant
there were more jobs
Strength Through Joy (1933) meant you got sponsored leisure activities
NO: civil liberties were restricted (in 1939 160,000 were arrested for
political crimes) and the police state created a climate of fear
The church was controlled taking away people’s rights of worship e.g.
National Reich Church replaced the Protestant churches
Jews were persecuted (e.g. Nuremberg Laws September 1935 and
Kristallnacht)
Conclusion: Although some did benefit not everyone did and those that
did so did at the price of human rights and civil liberties