Download Chapter 13 - In

Handing back work . . .
• As I grade your Unit 1 Essays, you must check turnitin.com to review
comments.
• This will count as a HW grade.
• DUE: Monday, November 7th by 7:40 AM.
• Chapter 11/12 Exam
• Make corrections to multiple choice questions.
• Review your short answer responses.
Monday
October 31, 2016
In looking forward to your Unit 2 Essays, let’s
look back at Unit 1 & Book Reviews.
• Evidence
1. Give complete detail. Tell the whole story. Give dates for frame of reference.
2. Organize your evidence to make the narrative clear while staying true to your topic
sentence/thesis.
• Argument
1. Be sure to fully explain your argument by directly connecting your evidence back to
your thesis. Do so either a) at the end of the paragraph or b) after each piece of
evidence. Argument should be a well-developed original idea.
2. Argue what the prompt is asking you to argue – Unit 1 asked to identify how the
growing American identity helped lead to the American Revolution. Many of you
simply defined the identity and made a simple statement that it helped lead to the
revolution. You never explained how.
In looking forward to your Unit 2 Essays, let’s
look back at Unit 1.
• Conventions – “Fix throughout”
1. No Excuses: Capitalization, Spelling, Incomplete Sentences/Thoughts,
Contractions, etc.
2. Verb Tense: Use simple past tense whenever possible.
3. Quotes: Use them when a) paraphrasing would cause a loss of
understanding/impact or b) you are quoting a historical figure.
4. MLA Format!
• Edit Process
1. Almost everyone needs to place more of an emphasis on this process.
REMEMBER: The most important part of writing happens before you write
a single draft.
2. Edit for more than grammar/syntax.
Unit 2
• Take the rest of class to begin/continue your brainstorming for Unit 2.
• Prompt: Evaluate the extent to which the existence of political parties
affected the development of the United States from 1789 to 1860. In
your response, consider the chronological reasoning skills of
causation and periodization.
Quiz: Chapter 13
• You know the drill.
Tuesday
November 1, 2016
Socratic Seminar:
The Rise of Mass Democracy
• Why is this chapter called the “Rise of Mass Democracy”?
• There is plenty of political conflict in this chapter. Which conflict do you
think was the most significant?
• To what extent did political parties affect the development of the U.S.
during this time period?
• Which parts of the chapter . . .
• did you not understand?
• made you think, “WHY DO I NEED TO KNOW THIS???”
• How do ideas found in the chapters manifest themselves today?
• Who were the major stakeholders in these chapters?
• What might be an alternate title for this chapter?
Unit 2: Building the Nation
1776-1860
• Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution, 1776-1790
• Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State, 1789-1800
• Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic, 18001812
• Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of
Nationalism, 1812-1824
• Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy, 1824-1840
• Chapter 14: Forging a National Economy, 1790-1860
• Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture, 1790-1860
• Unit Exam: Politics & Power
Chapter 13
The Rise of Mass Democracy,
1824-1840
“In the full enjoyment of the gifts of Heaven and the fruits of superior industry,
economy, and virtue, every man is equally entitled to protection by law; but when the
laws undertake to add to those natural and just advantages artificial distinctions . . .
and exclusive privileges . . . the humble members of society – the farmers, mechanics,
and laborers . . . have a right to complain of the injustice of their government.”
Andrew Jackson, 1832
Clockwise from top left
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay,
William Crawford, and John Quincy
Adams
They were all best friends, except that
they weren’t.
Jackson and JQA strongly disliked each
other. The intellectual vs. the soldier.
Clay and Jackson, rivals in the west,
detested each other.
Crawford didn’t live long enough to be a
major factor in the House of
Representatives.
I. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824
John Quincy Adams
6 President of the United States
II. A Yankee Misfit in the White House
“One-termer” just like his dear old dad
th
• Corrupt bargain (1824) last old-style election
• John Quincy Adams-Mass., Henry Clay-Kentucky, William H.
Crawford-Georgia, Andrew Jackson-Tenn. – ALL “REPUBLICANS”
• Results of the campaign: Jackson won the popular vote, but
no candidate won a majority of the electoral college votes
• Deadlock must be broken by the House of Representatives (12th
Amendment)
• HOW DID THIS PLAY OUT?
• WHY WAS IT SO CONTROVERSIAL?
• JQA ranks as one of the most successful secretaries of state,
yet one of the least successful presidents (“minority
president”)
• While most people were moving away from nationalism towards
sectionalism, JQA remained a nationalist: roads, canals, etc.
III. Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828
IV. “Old Hickory” as President
V. The Spoils System
• HOW HAD THE JEFFERSONIAN REPUBLICANS SPLIT BY 1828?
• The National Republicans with Adams
• Adams won New England and the Northeast
• The Democratic-Republicans with Jackson
• Jackson supporters came from the West and South
• The middle states/Old Northwest were divided
• Electoral College: Jackson 178, Adams 83
• WHY IS JACKSON SO IMPORTANT TO “MASS DEMOCRACY?”
• The first president from the West, nominated by party convention
• Only the second without a college education – symbolized the
masses, but was a “frontier aristocrat”
• Spoils System—rewarding political supporters with public office–
was defended on democratic grounds:
• “Every man is as good as his neighbor, perhaps equally better.”
The “Inaugural Brawl”, 1829
VI. The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations”
• Tariffs—problem for Adams and Jackson:
• Tariffs protected American industry – good for NE &
supported by middle colonies
• Tariffs also drove up prices for all Americans – especially
southerners who didn’t make any of their own
manufactured goods
• Tariffs invited retaliatory tariffs on American agricultural
exports abroad
• “Tariff of Abominations” - 1829
• In 1824 Congress had increased the general tariff
significantly – Jacksonites said “NOOOO!!”
• Congressional Jacksonites supported a high-tariff bill in
1828 as a jab at Adams – never expected it to pass, but it
did  problem for Jackson when he took over in 1829
Jackson (left) and
Calhoun (right)
pictured later in
life. If you stare
into Calhoun’s
eyes long
enough, all the
secrets of the
universe will be
revealed to you.
p255
VI. The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations” (cont.)
• WHAT WAS THE TARIFF FIGHT REALLY ABOUT?
• Much deeper issues behind southern hatred of
tariffs: a growing anxiety about possible federal
interference with the institution of slavery
• The South Carolina Exposition:
• It was secretly written by John C. Calhoun
(Jackson’s VP!)
• It denounced the recent tariff as unjust and
unconstitutional.
• It bluntly and explicitly proposed that the states
should nullify the tariff.
John C. Calhoun
South Carolinian
States’ Rights Advocate
VII. “Nullies” in South Carolina
• The Nullification Crisis
• SC delegates, meeting in Columbia, declared the existing
tariff null and void in South Carolina.
• The convention threatened to take South Carolina out of
the union if Washington attempted to collect the tariffs
by force.
• Jackson did not support the tariff, but believed in
preserving the union above all else.
• He threatened to invade the state and have the nullifiers
hanged & issued an anti-nullification proclamation
• Henry Clay stepped forward: Compromise Tariff of
1833 gradually reduced the tariff
• Congress passed the Force Bill—which authorized
the president to use the army and navy if necessary
to collect federal tariff duties.
Henry Clay
“The Great Compromiser”
“Henry of the West”
“Stealer of Jackson’s Thunder”
Jackson: “Our
federal Union: It
must be
preserved.”
Calhoun: “To the
Union, next to
our liberty, most
dear.”
Jackson (left) and
Calhoun (right)
pictured later in
life.
p255