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Chapter 21 and 22 Review
True/False
1.
According to the Long Telegram, communism could not be beaten without going to war.
2.
After the Chinese civil war, Communist China became a member of the United Nations.
3.
American troops are still based in Korea today.
4.
Corporations in the 1950s valued free-thinking individuals as part of their push to innovate.
5.
During the Cold War, there was solid evidence of Soviet espionage.
6.
Eisenhower's defense policy resulted in significant cuts in military spending.
7.
Films of the 1950s began to feature independent, strong-minded women, such as the roles played by Marilyn Monroe.
8.
General MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb against China during the Korean War.
9.
In spite of television, radio flourished in the 1950s.
10. Increased consumer spending enabled the economy to continue to grow after World War II.
11. Joseph McCarthy never showed the list he said he had of known Communists in the State Department.
12. Labor leaders applauded the Taft-Hartley Act.
13. Many American officials believed that the Depression had caused World War II.
14. The "Do-Nothing" Congress was so evenly divided between the parties that it could not pass anything of much importance.
15. The new wealth of the 1950s was reaching a larger segment of the population.
16. The number of women who held jobs outside the home increased during the 1950s.
17. The termination policy helped relieve the severe poverty of Native Americans in the 1950s.
18. Truman told Stalin about the atomic bomb at the Yalta Conference.
19. Truman's loyalty review program calmed public fears that Communists had infiltrated the government.
20. Urban renewal programs destroyed more housing space than they created.
Multiple Choice
1.
According to John Kenneth Galbraith, postwar America had an “economy of abundance” because of
2.
As a result of the GI Bill, many returning soldiers
3.
At Yalta, the leaders agreed to
4.
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were charged with
5.
In his book The Other America, Michael Harrington wrote about
6.
Joseph McCarthy created the media frenzy that began his witch hunt by
7.
Many of the early television comedy shows were adapted from popular
8.
Many quiz shows left the air when
9.
NATO formed for the purpose of
10. Popular support for Joseph McCarthy began to fade when President Eisenhower described his political beliefs as
11. The development of the transistor made possible the
12. The government unwittingly encouraged residents of public housing to remain poor by
13. The Korean War pitted the military forces of North Korea and China against
14. The Korean War resulted in
15. The Long Telegram resulted in
16. The McCarran Act
17. The purpose of Project Venona was to
18. The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to
19. The Truman Doctrine resulted in
20. To benefit from a cheaper labor pool, some businesses in the 1950s began to
21. To prevent Communists from staging revolutions within developing countries, Eisenhower used
22. Topping the list of juvenile crimes in the 1950s was
23. Truman said the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan were essential for
24. When the United States, Britain, and France merged their zones in Germany, the Soviet Union responded by
Matching
1. “an iron curtain has descended across the continent”
2. African American actor who expressed resentment for having to play stereotypical roles in 1950s movies
3. African American singer who recorded hit songs in the fifties
4. border between North Korea and South Korea
5. businesses in which a person owns and runs one or several stores of a chain operation
6. Communist countries of Eastern Europe
7. deadly radiation left over after a nuclear blast
8. developed an injectable vaccine for polio
9. diplomat who tried to explain Soviet behavior in the “long telegram”
10. disc jockey who helped launch rock ‘n’ roll by playing African American music on the air
11. Eisenhower’s vice president
12. forcing business owners to hire only union members
13. leader of the Chinese Nationalists
14. leader of the People’s Republic of China
15. military alliance in Eastern Europe
16. movies shown on large, panoramic screens
17. physical labor
18. provided loans to veterans
19. threatening nuclear strikes to back down opponents
20. U-2 pilot shot down over the Soviet Union
Essay
1. In what ways did the Korean War mark a turning point in the Cold War?
Until 1950, the United States had preferred to use political pressure and economic aid to contain communism. After the
Korean War began, the United States embarked on a major military buildup. The Korean War also helped expand the Cold War
to Asia. Before 1950, the United States had focused on Europe as the most important area to contain communism. After the
Korean War began, the United States became more militarily involved in Asia. The United States signed defense agreements with
several Asian nations and began to send aid to the French forces fighting Communist guerrillas in Vietnam.
2. Explain the reasoning behind “massive retaliation” and “brinkmanship,” and describe how Eisenhower used these concepts to help end
the Korean War.
The Korean War had convinced Eisenhower that the United States could not contain communism by fighting a series of
small wars. Instead, these wars had to be prevented from happening in the first place. The best way to do that seemed to be to
threaten to use nuclear weapons if a Communist state tried to seize territory by force. This policy came to be called “massive
retaliation.” “Brinkmanship” was the willingness to go to the brink of war to force the other side to back down. Eisenhower used
these two concepts in international confrontations. In Korea, for example, he quietly let the Chinese know that the United States
might continue the Korean War “under circumstances of our own choosing.” The message was a hint at nuclear attack. The
threat to go to the brink of nuclear war seemed to work.
3. Describe the tactics of Joseph McCarthy and explain why few challenged him.
When McCarthy became chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations, he used the power of his committee to
force government officials to testify about alleged Communist influences. He turned the investigation into a witch hunt,
insinuating disloyalty based on flimsy evidence and irrational fears. He blackened reputations with vague and unfounded
charges. His theatrics and sensational accusations drew the attention of the press, which put him in the headlines and quoted him
widely. Relishing the spotlight, he became bolder. When he questioned witnesses, McCarthy would badger them and then refuse
to accept their answers. His tactics left a cloud of suspicion that McCarthy and others interpreted as guilt. Furthermore, people
were afraid to challenge him for fear of becoming targets themselves.
4. What were some reasons for the rapid growth of suburbia in the 1950s?
Some whites moved to the suburbs to escape the crime and congestion of the city. Others viewed life in the suburbs as a
move up to a better life. Also, the GI Bill offered low-interest loans, making new housing quite affordable during the postwar
period. Equally attractive was the government’s offer of income tax deductions for home mortgage interest payments and
property taxes. For millions of Americans, the suburbs came to symbolize the American dream. They owned their homes, sent
their children to good schools, lived in safe communities, and were economically secure.