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Agenda Notes/Discussion: Key Focus: The United States enters World War I The Lusitania The Zimmerman Letter Effect on South Carolina and the Model and Guided- Fill in Graphic organizer Closure: Independent Practice: Micro Lab Reflection: Quiz questions Relevance Have you ever been in a situation where someone tried to get another person or friend of yours to take sides against you? Focus Statement • Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina Key terms • Allies- Great Britain, Russia, France, Italy and the US • Central Powers- Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria • The Lusitania- A British Passenger ship that was torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat in 1915. On board were 1959 people, 159 were US citizens. 1198 died, 128 of the dead were US civilians. Key terms • Germany’s Zimmerman Note- A telegram that British cryptographers deciphered from German Foreign minister Zimmerman to the German minister to Mexico, offering US territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause. Key terms • Wilson’s Fourteen Points- A statement of the war aims of the Allies made by president Wilson on January 8, 1918. • The Sedition Act- a short-lived amendment to the U.S. Espionage Act of 1917 that listed offenses deemed criminal when the country is at war, including to willfully obstruct military recruitment and to print, write, or publish any disloyal or abusive language about the form of the U.S. federal government • Who? The First World War: Central Powers: Allies: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Russia France Great Britain Italy Japan United States (1917) 8 The First World War: • Where? 9 Neutrality • In the beginning the United States wanted to remain neutral. • The war was happening in Europe. • Wilson was re-elected in 1916 ››On the slogan “He kept us out of the war” Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war? • America had an attitude of isolationism • “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems?” 11 Which side should the US pick? Central Powers: Allies: • 11 million German-Americans • Irish-Americans hated Great Britain • Close cultural ties • Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories) • Big business loaned much $ to allies US Exports to both sides: Nations Britain France Germany 1914 1915 1916 $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 $159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988 $344,794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899 12 Critical Thinking Why would control of the seas help trade? What pulled America into the War • • • • Unlimited Submarine (U-boat) warfare The sinking of the Lusitania Sussex Pledge is broken The Zimmerman Telegram What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Unlimited Submarine Warfare • Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America • Germany announced a submarine war around Britain Y-‐53 German Submarine 1916 15 What did it take to get the US involved? 1. Unlimited Submarine Warfare • In May, 1915 Germany told Americans to stay off of British ships • They could/would sink them 16 What did it take to get the US involved? 2. Sinking of the Lusitania • • • • German Propaganda JusOfying Lusitania sinking The Sinking of the Lusitania BriOsh passenger liner that set sail from New York carrying American ciOzens. It was sunk without warning on May 7, 1915 off the coast of Ireland 1,198 lost; 128 US ciOzens Germans claimed the Lusitania was carrying contraband (war materials: guns, ammuniOon…) • She was! 17 What did it take to get the US involved? • The US sharply criticized Germany for their action • Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the future Note in Boale Aber Lusitania Disaster 19 What did it take to get the US involved? Germany responded to Wilson's demands on May 4 with what is called the "Sussex Pledge." German submarine policy would henceforth be governed by promises to: Ø end the sinking of passenger ships Ø search merchant ships for contraband Ø make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking merchant ships 20 Focus Statement • Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina What did it take to get the US involved? • 1917 Germany announced “unlimited submarine warfare” in the war zone Why? Otherwise their blockade would not be successful 22 What did it take to get the US involved? 3. Russian Revolution • March 1917-Russia left WWI due to a Revolution in their own country • Germany now would concentrate totally on the Western Front • Pleas from Great Britain and 23 Focus Statement • Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina What did it take to get the US involved? 4. Zimmerman Note • US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, • If the U.S. entered War against Central Powers, Mexico should attack the U.S. and receive as a reward: Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. 25 Checking For Understanding • What did Germany promise Mexico in return for their alliance. Focus Statement • Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina Wilson’s Plan • Called the 14 points • Points 1-5-Remove the Causes of War – Freedom of Seas – Prohibit secret treaties – Reduce Arms – Reduce colonies – Self-Determination-each person allowed to move to country of their nationality Wilson’s Plan • Points 6-13-Boundary Changes • Point 14-League of Nations – Most valued-heart of peace plan – Peace association-solve problems by diplomatic means instead of war Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points were first outlined in a speech Wilson gave to the American Congress in January 1918. Wilson's Fourteen Points became the basis for a peace programme and it was on the back of the Fourteen Points that Germany and her allies agreed to an armisOce in November 1918. 1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigaOon of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be imparOal 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be leb to develop her own poliOcal set-‐up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-‐Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along clearly recognizable lines of naOonality." 10. Self-‐determinaOon should be allowed for all those living in Austria-‐Hungary. 11. Self-‐determinaOon and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-‐Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea. 14. A League of NaOons should be set up to guarantee the poliOcal and territorial independence of all states. Checking For Understanding • What was the purpose of Wilson’s Fourteen Points. How did the War Affect the US? Women • Women filled factory jobs • May have led 19th Amendment after the war (Gave women the right to vote) African Americans • Black soldiers still served in Segregated Units • “Great Migration” - thousands of African Americans moved North to work in factories 33 How did the War Affect the US? Enforcing Loyalty • Hatred of all things German • Ex. “Liberty Cabbage” • Espionage Act 1917 & Sedition Act of 1918 punished those against the war (many labor leaders) 34 Reasons for US Involvement in WWI Model and Guided The United States declared neutrality at the outbreak of the war. However, various factors challenged American neutrality and eventually led to the involvement of the United States in what came to be known as the Great War. The traditional trading partnership with Great Britain and the blockade of German ports by the British navy severely limited American trade with Germany. American businesses made loans to the Allies in order to continue trade. Public opinion was impacted by America’s traditional connection to the British. The German use of the submarine affected public opinion against Germany and alienated President Wilson, who was incensed by the loss of innocent lives. The 1915 German U-boat’s sinking of the British passenger ship, the Lusitania, brought about sharp protests from President Wilson but did not bring the United States into the European war. Instead, Germany pledged to restrict their use of submarines. Close Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina Reasons For US Involvement in WWI Impact of WWI on SC Impact of WWI on US Critical Thinking Focus Statement • Explain the reasons for United States involvement in World War I and the war’s impact on South Carolina What do I already know about this question What did person______ say? Reflection of my learning about this question What did person______say? Microlab Protocaol Written Refection Rubric High Medium Low • Few content concepts • No Content concepts • Peer reference • No peer reference • No peer reference • 2 examples of evidence • 1 example of evidence • No examples of evidence • Includes content concepts • Confusing What do I already know about this question What did person______ say? Reflection of my learning about this question What did person______say? Materials Needed SC Standards Text book Informational Text Document Camera/Promethean Board PowerPoint Teacher Created Notes Teacher Created Graphic Organizers Video/Mill Life Primary Source Documents Study Guides/Test