Download Ch. 18 Sec. 3 Answers

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Chapter 18 Section 3, Campaigns in Texas and the Southwest, P. 381
Key Terms
1. Henry H. Sibley: In Fall 1861, he took 3 Texas regiments to seize the American
Southwest for the Confederacy; He and his 2,000 men defeated Union forces at
Valverde, NM and also captured Santa Fe and Albuquerque
2. Battle of Glorieta Pass: March 28, 1862, weakened by illness and lack of food and
water, Sibley and his men were defeated by Union forces here and retreated to Texas
3. Cottonclads: Steamboats lined with cotton bales and converted to gunboats during the
Civil War; they were used by the Confederate navy at the Battle of Galveston
4. Battle of Galveston: January 1, 1863, a Confederate counterattack after Union forces
captured Galveston in October 1862; Confederate forces retook Galveston and drove
away or captured several hundred Union soldiers
5. Richard Dowling: Commander of Confederate forces at Fort Griffin along the Sabine
River; he and his men were assigned to protect Sabine Pass from a Union invasion
6. Davis Guards: An all-Irish Confederate unit of about 45 soldiers, mostly from Houston,
under the command of Richard Dowling at Fort Griffin
7. Battle of Sabine Pass: September 8, 1863, Dowling and the Davis Guards with only 6
cannons at Fort Griffin defeated General William B. Franklin and about 4,000 Union
troops; 2 Union ships were sunk and several others retreated; 300 Union soldiers were
captured
8. Santos Benavides: highest-ranking Mexican American to serve in the Confederate army;
he and his men stationed at Laredo turned back an attack by Edmund J. Davis and Union
forces
9. Red River Campaign: Spring 1864, an attempt by Union forces to take control of
northeastern Texas and northern Louisiana; about 9,000 Confederate soldiers
commanded by General Richard Taylor and General Tom Green were able to turn back
about 27,000 Union soldiers in several battles around Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, LA
Main Idea Questions
1. Why was General Sibley trying to capture the Southwest part of the U.S. for the
Confederacy? The region had great wealth from its gold and silver mines and also had
ports along the Pacific Ocean
2. Sibley’s 2,000 troops won a battle against 2,500 Union soldiers at Valverde, New
Mexico.
3. After Sibley and Texas forces seized Albuquerque and Santa Fe, what happened to
them? They were weakened by disease and lack of food and water
4. In October 1862, Galveston was captured by Union forces. What could happen if
Galveston was left under Union control? Union forces could easily sweep into Texas
5. What were the Neptune and the Bayou City? Confederate cotton clad boats used to
win the Battle of Galveston
6. After Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862, what was Union General William B.
Franklin’s plan regarding Texas? Land Union troops at Sabine Pass, march overland, and
capture Houston and Galveston
7. Why was the Confederate victory at the Battle of Sabine Pass so important? The
Confederacy had lost two major battles that summer and the win helped restore
southern confidence
8. Two months after the loss at the Battle of Sabine Pass, why did Union General
Nathaniel Banks and his forces attack Brazos Island? He wanted to capture Brownsville
and stop trade and smuggling between Texas and Mexico
9. What happened to the Texas cotton that was smuggled across the border to
Matamoros, Mexico? It was shipped overseas to Europe in exchange for money and war
supplies
10. Although Brownsville had been recaptured by Confederate forces, why did Union
troops leave there? Why did Union leaders plan to wait until spring to attack Louisiana
and northeast Texas? They were needed to fight in the Red River Campaign; The Red
River would be deep enough for boats
11. What happened to the Union forces moving south from Arkansas in an attempt to join
up with Union General Banks in the Red River region? On April 18, they were defeated
by Confederate forces in a battle at Poison Springs, AR