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Name: Ch 24.5 Weather Patterns (pgs 765 – 768) Part 1 AIR MASSES: A body of air that has uniform properties (same temperature and moisture); Air masses take on the properties of the surfaces they form over (over land = dry; over water = moist; tropical = warm; polar = cold) Polar air masses move toward the poles; Tropical air masses move toward the poles. Where air masses with different properties collide fronts develop North American Air Masses Maritime Polar (mP): Form over the N. Atlantic; brings cool, moist air to the N.West. Responsible for HEAVY PRECIP. In N. West Continental Polar (cP): Forms over Canada; brings cold, dry air to the mid-west Maritime Tropical (mT): Forms over warm ocean water (The Gulf of Mexico); Brings warm, moist air to the mid-west. Continental Tropical (cT): Forms over Mexico; brings hot, dry air to the S.West Front = A boundary between 2 air masses with contrasting properties; Clouds and precipitation occur along front boundaries. Cold Fronts Describe what happens in terms of the movement of air masses, during a COLD FRONT. Draw/ Map out what happens during a COLD FRONT Cold air collides with warm air mass; Cold air sinks UNDER warm air (it’s denser) and warm air is pushed straight up (aloft). This warm air (which has more room in it for moisture) condenses to form clouds. The boundary is steep due to the vertical movement of warm air. Cloud Type: Cumulonimbus Duration: ½ hour to a few hours (Rapid) Associated Weather: Thunderstorms, winds, heavy precipitation, (tornadoes and hail); After= cooler temps., drier (less humid), and clear skies Weather Map Symbol: Warm Fronts Describe what happens in terms of the movement of air masses, during a WARM FRONT. Draw/ Map out what happens during a WARM FRONT Warm air collides with cold air. Warm air gradually climbs over the cold air (it’s lighter). Warm air with moisture condenses and forms clouds. Cloud Type: Stratus/ Nimbostratus Associated Weather: Steady rain; warmer weather after Duration: A day Weather Map Symbol: Stationary Fronts Describe what happens in terms of the movement of air masses, during a STATIONARY FRONT. Draw/ Map out what happens during a STATIONARY FRONT Cold and warm air push against one another in opposite directions. Warm air gets pushed aloft; clouds form and precipitation develop; Front line gets “stuck” Cloud Type: Mixed (a variety) Duration: DAYS (more than one) Associated Weather: Clouds and rain for a prolonged period of time. Weather Map Symbol: Occluded Fronts Describe what happens in terms of the movement of air masses, during a OCCLUDED FRONT. Draw/ Map out what happens during a OCCLUDED FRONT One cold air mass collides into a warm front. Warm air gets pushed aloft and trapped between two cold air masses. Acts like a cold front. Cloud Type: Cumulonimbus Associated Weather: See cold front Duration: Short (less than a day) Weather Map Symbol: