Download 3rd Nine Weeks Review

3rd Nine Weeks Review
Body Tissues, Skeletal and Muscular System, Skin, Digestive System,
Circulatory System, Respiratory System, Excretory System, and
Changes Over Time
Body Tissues, Skeletal/ Muscular System, and Skin:
1. Name the four types of body tissues and briefly describe the function of each.
muscle—moves
connective—connects, stores, transports, unites, binds, etc. (“catch all” group)
nerve—sends messages
epithelial--covers
2. List 5 functions of the skeleton system.
a) protects
b) shapes and supports
c) allows movement
d) produces RBCs
e) stores calcium and phosphorus
3. List the four types of moveable joints and briefly describe the movement of each.
a) gliding—(wrist/ankles)—bones slide across one another allowing rotation
b) hinge—(knee/elbow)—allows forward or backward motion
c) ball and socket—(hip/shoulder)—greatest range of motion—circular
d) pivot—(neck)—allows head to turn side to side and up and down
4. Name the three types of muscle tissue. Describe the location and type of
movement for each.
a) skeletal—attaches to bones; voluntary movement
b) smooth—found in respiratory and digestive tract and blood vessels;
involuntary movement
c) cardiac—found only in the heart; involuntary movement
5. Explain the following statement: “Skeletal muscles pull. They never push.”
Skeletal muscles must work in pairs because they do not have the ability to
“push” the bones. One muscle of the pair “pulls” in one direction, and the other
muscle of the pair “pulls” in the other direction.
6. How does the skin protect the body?
The skin protects the body by keeping out disease-causing microorganisms.
7. Name the two layers of skin.
epidermis and dermis
8. Where in the skin are nerves and blood vessels located?
dermis
9. List the function of the following: cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
a) cartilage—flexible, connective tissue that is found between bones and at
the end of long bones; cartilage primarily cushions and supports bones
b) ligaments—connective tissue that connects bones to bones
c) tendons—connective tissue that connects muscles to bones
10. What material makes up most of an infant’s skeleton?
cartilage
Digestive System:
11. Explain the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
mechanical digestion—food is physically broken down into smaller pieces
chemical digestion—chemicals produced by the body break food into smaller
and smaller pieces
12. Where does most mechanical digestion take place?
stomach
13. Where does most chemical digestion take place?
small intestine
14. Explain the function of the following organs: a) stomach, b) small intestine,
c) large intestine, d) liver, e) pancreas, f) gallbladder.
a) stomach—churns and grinds food into smaller pieces
b) small intestine—most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes
place in the small intestine
c) large intestine—excess water in digested food is returned to the bloodstream
and other waste material is prepared for elimination
d) liver—produces bile
e) pancreas—produces enzymes that break down fats, proteins, and starches
f) gallbladder—stores bile
15. What is pepsin, and what must be present in the stomach in order for it to work
appropriately?
Pepsin is a chemical found in the stomach that breaks down proteins. Pepsin
works best in an acidic environment. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach helps
pepsin to work correctly.
16. Define peristalsis.
involuntary muscle contractions of the digestive tract that helps keep food moving
in one direction
Circulatory System:
17. Name the two upper chambers of the heart.
right atrium and left atrium
18. Name the two lower chambers of the heart.
right ventricle and left ventricle
19. Which two chambers are pumping chambers? Holding chambers?
pumping chambers—ventricles; holding chambers--atria
20. Explain the difference between arteries, veins, and capillaries.
a) arteries—thickest blood vessels; carries blood away from the heart
b) veins—carry blood to the heart
c) capillaries—smallest blood vessels; connect arteries and veins; allow
gases and nutrients to pass through the vessel walls
21. List the path of blood starting in the right atrium.
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta,
body, superior/inferior vena cava
22. What is blood pressure?
blood pressure—measures the force of blood on the vessel walls
23. What type of blood vessel measures the highest blood pressure?
arteries
24. What type of blood vessel connects the other two?
capillaries
25. What type of blood vessel is the superior vena cava?
vein
26. What type of blood vessel is the aorta?
artery
27. Name the three solid components of blood and give the function of each.
a) red blood cells—contain hemoglobin which allows oxygen and some
carbon dioxide to bind to the cell---RBCs transport oxygen to the body
b) white blood cells—fight infection
c) platelets—produce fibrin and aid in blood clotting
28. What is the liquid part of blood?
plasma
Respiratory System and Excretory System:
29. What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?
a) brings oxygen into the body
b) releases carbon dioxide and water from the body
30. What occurs in the alveoli?
gas exchange
31. Put the following in the correct order according to the path of air: bronchi,
nostrils, trachea, lungs, pharynx, nose, alveoli.
nostrils, nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
32. What are cilia, and where are they located in the respiratory system?
cilia—tiny, hairlike structures that are found in the nose and throat
33. What is the main function of the excretory system?
collects wastes made from the cells and removes it from the body
34. What is the main organ of the excretory system, and what is its function?
kidney—removes urea and other wastes by filtering the blood
35. What are nephrons?
tiny filtering factories found in the kidneys that remove wastes from blood and
produce urine
36. How many chromosomes are found in a human cell? In a human gamete (sex
cell)?
human cell = 46 chromosomes; human gamete = 23 chromosomes
DIAGRAMS: These answers correspond to the diagram page you received in
class.
37. bicep
60. kidney
38. deltoid
61. ureter
39. sartorius
62. urinary bladder
40. gluteus maximus
63. urethra
41. gastrocnemius
64. aorta
42. clavicle
65. tricuspid valve
43. sternum
66. inferior vena cava
44. humerus
67. pulmonary veins
45. patella
68. aortic valve
46. femur
69. liver
47. nasal cavity
70. gallbladder
48. trachea
71. large intestine
49. skip
72. esophagus
50. alveoli
73. stomach
51. lungs
74. pancreas
52. diaphragm
75. small intestine