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Economic Development & Types of Industries Unit 7: Economic Geography Lesson 1 Main Ideas of this Unit • What parts of the world perform different economic tasks in the modern global economy, and why? • Who benefits the most from a globalized economy, and why? • Today, we’re just going to cover some basic vocabulary. Economic Development • Process through which a country improves its economy – Can involve diffusion of new technology How can I tell how developed a state is? • Look at economic and demographic indicators: • Economic indicators: – GDP per capita – % of people working in different types of jobs • Social/demographic indicators include: – Infant mortality rate – Level of education – Life expectancy – Literacy rates • GDP (gross domestic product) Value of total amount of goods and services produced in a country in a year – good Physical product created for people – service - Work or labor created for people per capita GDP / per capita income • The average income of the people in a country • GDP divided by population • A better measure of a country’s standard of living than GDP (think about how GDP is misleading for China) Annual GDP per capita, 2005 Fig. 9-2: Annual gross domestic product (GDP) per capita averages over $20,000 in most developed countries but under $5000 in most less developed countries. Human Development Index • Another way to analyze a country’s level of development. • Combination of life expectancy, education, and income • Every country is given a score from 0 to 1 • The closer to 1, the richer the country HDI by province, 2014 Review! • Based on old country quizzes, you know what region of the world Uruguay is, so…what stage do you think it’s in? • Based on old country quizzes, you know what region Denmark is in, so…what stage is Denmark in? Levels of Production in Countries • 5 Levels: Most countries have all of these levels, but in differing amounts • Different levels of society are involved in different types of production Primary Production • Involve taking natural resources out of the ground • Examples: Oil extraction, agriculture fisheries, forestry • Most basic level of production Secondary Production • Taking natural resources and turning them into finished products. • Become more common as a society industrializes • Examples: Clothes manufacturing, turning oil into gasoline, making plastics Tertiary Production • Actually selling goods • Examples: Salesmen, shipping industries, education Quartiary Industry • Business services • Become more common as an economy advances • Examples: Bankers, advertising, insurance • Tend to be high paying jobs Quinary Sector/Production • Highest paid, intellectual industries • Weird--Also include luxury goods like tourism and recreation • Most common in highly developed states (countries) • Examples: Research, health care, government jobs – Silicon Valley! % of Workers in each Sector MDCs vs. LDCs Review Questions • For each of the following, tell me which level of primary-quinary industries is represented. • I work for an investment banking company on Wall Street in New York City. • I have a company that develops technology for NASA in Houston. • I have a company that picks bananas in Colombia. • I have a company that is trying to cure cancer in the Medical Center in Houston. • I have a company that makes posters for new movies in Los Angeles. • I have a company that makes parts of iPhones in China. • I have a company that refines and makes gasoline from oil in Saudi Arabia. • This is a measure of a country’s development. It includes per capita GDP, level of education, and life expectancy. • Europe countries joining together have caused some changes when they decided to be involved with the European Union. Changes include the countries giving up a little bit of their sovereignty, most countries changing their currency to Euros, and not needing a passport to travel between countries which can ease up on trade and unify the continent with common currency. An example would be that you can easily travel between France and Spain without a passport and do not need to change currency. This is an example of how the supranational organization changed the continent. • Supernationalism can help you economically. An example would be the European Union regulating its borders. This will make easy to transport resources within the European Union. Another way it can help you is be a supernation creating their own currency. It will make things easier to export money or to buy resources. An example would be the European Union, because they have their own currency, which are called “euros. Countries also have to give up sovereignty when joining a supernation. For example, when European countries join the E.U., they have to give up part of their sovereignty. Giving up sovereignty will help a country develop because they are being helped by the EU. World Systems Theory (Wallerstein, Core-periphery model) Since colonialism, relations between countries have been about countries exploiting less powerful countries. Periphery countries will always be exploited by core countries. Periphery Core Production that involve higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology * Generate more wealth in the world economy Production that involve lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology * Generate less wealth in the world economy Semi-periphery Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery. Spatial Organization of the World Economy Core periphery on different scales • What would core-periphery look like on the national scale? • Local scale? National Scale • Focus on regions of a country • Core—Service based, most affluent regions • Periphery—More agrarian, less advanced/ educated regions Local scale • Local scale— Large zoom on an area • Cities—core region • Rural areas around cities— periphery areas Long-term Trends in Per Capita GDP Millenium Development Goals • Eight goals established by the United Nations to reduce the gap in development between core and peripheral countries. Go online. Under economic geography, click on lesson 2, “The Dark Side of Valentine’s Day.” • Pick up a whiteboard and paper towel on the way in and take out a sheet of paper for some notes. • We’re going to take a lot today… • Put your Millennium Development Goal homework on your desk. UN Sustainable Development Goals On the blank map… • Circle and label the 7 continents. • Put a star next to the ONLY continent that is also a country. • Circle and label a part of the world that would be on the economic periphery. • Circle and label a part of the world that would be on the economic core. • Circle the part of the world that has membership in the European Union. • Circle and label India and China. • These are goals developed to help periphery countries improve their HDI. • These are countries that create the most wealth in the global economy. • This theory claims that the world can be explained by rich countries exploiting poor countries. • These are countries that are usually exploited by developed countries, but also exploit developing countries themselves.