Download CAPP Notes Chapter 13 and 14

Ryan Lafler; Period: 1
Primary Sources: CAPP Notes
CAPP Notes Chapter 13 and 14
United States after the Compromise of 1850
Context
Purpose/Effects
Tensions rose when Zachary Taylor asked Congress
to admit California and New Mexico into Union
(California drafted Constitution as a free state)
Compromise of 1850 started by Henry Clay who
proposed admission of California as a “Free State”,
formation of territorial govts., more effective fugitive
slave law and abolition of slave trade in Washington
D.C.
Calhoun, Clay, and Webster either are too sick, die,
or leave Congress causing new reformers to replace
them
New reformers included Stephen Douglas, Jefferson
Davis, and William H. Seward
New leaders of the Senate able to compromise on
issues (Douglass broke up Clay’s huge resolution“omnibus bill”- into individual parts to be passed one
by one through Congress)
Millard Fillmore supported Compromise of 1850
Defused rising sectional tensions within the U.S.
(only temporarily defused tensions)
California admitted as free state with New Mexico
and Utah left to decide whether to be either slave or
free state
Introduced the idea of “popular sovereignty”
Electoral Map from the Election of 1860
Context
After John Brown’s raid in 1859, South incorrectly
thought Republican party was inspiring slave
insurrections against aristocracy
Election of 1860 divided between 4 parties:
Republican (Lincoln), Constitutional Union (Bell),
Southern Democrat (Breckinridge), and Northern
Democrat (Douglas)
Republican leaders attempted to broaden their
appeal within North that feared South was blocking
its economic aspirations
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln, a
politician who held a moderate position on slavery
and was relatively unknown to the public
Ryan Lafler; Period: 1
Purpose/Effects
Primary Sources: CAPP Notes
(preventing other parties targeting him on issues)
Election of 1860 demonstrated that the North and
South held no common ground, and process of
disunion increased
When Lincoln became president, many Southerners
saw that their position within the Union was
hopeless, so they seceded from the Union
The Democratic Party Platform (Breckinridge Faction), 1860
Context
Audience
Purpose
Point of View
Democratic Party divided during the Election of
1860 between Northern Democrats (Douglas) and
Southern Democrats (Breckinridge)
Federal and local governments lacked the power to
restrict slavery in any of the territories
Breckinridge demanded that Federal Govt. protect
slavery within the territories
Breckinridge wanted to maintain the Union,
although he did believe secession was a right
reserved to the states
Addressed to American people
People in Virginia
Southern Democrats (Breckinridge Democrats)
Protect rights of people in all territories, and all
territories that have adequate populations to apply
for statehood
Duty of federal government to protect rights of
people and property in Territories
Keep the Fugitive Slave Act in place
Create a transcontinental railroad from Mississippi
River to the Pacific Ocean at the “earliest
applicable moment”
Written by Breckinridge Democrats who believed in
defense of slavery
Against the Free-Soilers (Free-Soil Party did not
want huge westward expansion because more slave
states)
Charles Sumner, The Crime Against Kansas (1856)
Context
Written during the time of “Bleeding Kansas’
Written after John Brown’s Pottawatomie Massacre
His message increased sectionalism and symbolized
Ryan Lafler; Period: 1
Primary Sources: CAPP Notes
the hastening towards Civil War
Directed at Senator Andrew P. Butler and Stephen A.
Douglas
People of Kansas and South Carolina
No mention of blacks being inferior, and shows no
comparison between Northern industrial centers and
Southern plantations
Compares the mad “Don Quixote” to Senator Andrew P.
Butler who was a strong defender of slavery within
South Carolina
Written by Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts Senator
who strongly opposed slavery
Joined the Republican Party, who was a former FreeSoiler (someone who did NOT want the expansion of
slavery)
Audience
Purpose
Point of View
A Comparison of Northern and Southern Resources
Context/Information



At beginning of Civil War, both the North and
South had relatively equal army sizes
The North had many advantages over the South
including population, railway mileage,
manufacturing establishments, workers in
factories, value of manufacturers, and the capital
stock of banks
The North and South equally had the same amount
of farm acreage
Abraham Lincoln as the “Federal Phoenix” (1864)
Context


Audience
Purpose





Drawn after Lincoln’s victory in the Election of
1864
Represents the mythical phoenix “rising from
the ashes”, or coming back as something new
from other things that have been destroyed
British readers
Americans
Liberal and Conservative scholars
“State rights”, “credit”, “habeas corpus”, “free
press”, “commerce”, and the “United States
Constitution” are logs that are burned to form
the Phoenix (Lincoln) rising from the ashes
The American Civil War (the fire) had
consumed the logs, and the phoenix is readying
Ryan Lafler; Period: 1
Point of View
Primary Sources: CAPP Notes


for another 4 year cycle of doing the same
thing as it did the last four years
Drawn by British Cartoonist John Tenniel who
was surprised to see that Lincoln had won
reelection to George B. McClellan
Tenniel believed the Civil War was not
sanctioned by the Constitution, and would
lead to the end of liberty- that is why “free
press” and “habeas corpus” are burning
Photograph of Atlanta Georgia after Sherman’s March to the Sea
Context


Audience
Purpose




The Capture of Atlanta was undertaken by
General William Tecumseh Sherman in 1864
Signifies the March to the Sea Strategy, in
which Sherman burned down everything in his
path from Atlanta to Savanah
Southerners
Northerners
Capture the image of a burned-down and
destroyed Atlanta for the public
Display the costliness and damage of all-out
war, Sherman stated, “War is all hell.”
The Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Context


Audience
Purpose





Point of View

Written after the Battle of Antietam and
delivered on January 1st, 1863
Battle of Antietam provided Union victory
needed to issue Lincoln’s executive order that
all slaves shall be set free
Southerners
Northerners
African American slaves
Changed the course of the War from just
preserving the Union to also abolishing slavery
and freeing slaves residing within the
Confederate States of America
Paved the way for African-American troops to
have a large presence within the Civil War as
soldiers
Written by President Abraham Lincoln, when
Ryan Lafler; Period: 1
Primary Sources: CAPP Notes
he transformed to an Abolitionist (he believed
that too much blood had been spilt to not
permanently abolish slavery and free the
slaves)
Jefferson Davis’s Inaugural Address (1861)
Context

Audience





Purpose


Point of View


Davis spoke this speech 3 weeks before Lincoln
spoke his speech on February 18th, 1861
Citizens of Confederate States of America
Abraham Lincoln
Northerners
Europe
Argued that the Union had “perverted” the
Constitutional commitment to “insuring
domestic tranquility…”
Argue that the U.S. had stepped on the rights of
individuals and states (Doctrine of States’
Rights)
Davis wants a speedy organization of the
Confederacy’s central government structure
Written by Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
Davis wanted separation from the Union, and
sought to form a society devoted to protecting
and ensuring the practice of slavery