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Name: ____________________________________________ Section: A B C D E Global Winds & Coriolis Effect Please read section 2.2 The Atmosphere Has Wind Patterns (p. 47-54) and answer the questions below. Uneven Heating Causes Air to Move (p. 47) Part A. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases Weather is the (1) ______________________________________. Wind is air that (2) ______________________________________. Remember that (3) ______________can differ from place to place at the same altitude. (4) _____________________________ causes such pressure differences, which set air in motion. Over a short distance, wind moves directly from (5) ___________________ to (6) ___________________. Part B. Draw & label the diagram How Wind Forms (p. 48) in your science notebook. In no more than three complete sentences explain the diagram below your drawing. Part C. Fill in the blank When the difference in pressure between two areas is small, the wind (7) _______________________________. On the other hand, a (8) ______________________________________ can produce wind strong enough to uproot trees. The distance winds travel varies. Some winds die out quickly after blowing a few meters. In contrast, (9) ___________________ travel thousands of kilometers in steady patterns. (10) ___________________ between the equator and north and south poles causes (11) ___________________. Near the equator, concentrated sunlight heats the surface to a (12) ___________________. Warm air (13) ___________________, producing (14) ___________________ . In regions closer to the poles, the sunlight is more spread out. Because less of the Sun’s energy reaches these regions, the air above them is (15) ___________________. The sinking dense air produces (16) ___________ that sets global winds in motion. Earth’s Rotation Affects Wind Direction (p. 49) Part D. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases If the Earth did not rotate, global winds would flow directly from (17) ______________. However, Earth’s rotation changes the direction of winds and other objects moving over Earth. The influence of Earth’s rotation is called (18) ___________________. (19) _________________ curve as the Earth turns beneath them. In the Northern Hemisphere, winds curve to the (20) ______________________________________ . Winds in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the (21) ___________________ . The Coriolis Effect is noticeable only for winds that travel (22) ___________________. Global winds travel along three routes in each hemisphere. These routes, which circle the world, are called (23) ___________________. Bands of Calm Air Separate Global Wind Belts (p. 50) Part E. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases Earth’s rotation and the uneven heating of its surface cause a pattern of (24) ___________________ separated by (25) ___________________. Each calm region is a zone of either (26) ___________________ or (27) ___________________. Calm Regions: The air usually stays (28) ___________________ in high-pressure and low pressure zones. Winds are light and they often change direction. (29) ___________________ are a low-pressure zone near the equator. There, (30) ___________________ rises to the top of the troposphere. Then the air spreads out toward the (31) ___________________. The rising, moist air produces (32) ___________________. During the hottest months, heavy evaporation from warm ocean water in the region fuels tropical storms. (33) ___________________ are high-pressure zones located about 30˚ north and 30˚ south of the (34) ___________________ . Warm air traveling away from the equator (35) ______________________________________ in these regions. The weather tends to be (36) ___________________ . Wind Belts: As dense air sinks to Earth’s surface in the horse latitudes and other (37) ___________________ , it flows out toward regions of (38) ___________________ . This pattern of air movement produces three global wind belts in each hemisphere. Because of the (39) ___________________ , the winds curve toward the east or toward the west. Some global winds are named for (40) _______________________________ . (41) ___________________ blow from the east, moving from the (42) ___________________ toward the equator. These steady, strong winds die out as they reach the (43) ___________________. (44) ___________________ blow from the west, moving from the horse latitudes toward the (45) ___________________. They bring (46) ___________________ across much of the United States. (47) ___________________ blow from the (48) ___________________, moving from the polar regions toward the mid-latitudes. (49) ___________________ often occurs when the cold air of the easterlies meets the warmer air of the westerlies. Effects of Wind on Travel (p. 52) Part F. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases Jet Streams Flow Near the Top of The Troposphere (p. 52) Not all long-distance winds travel along the Earth’s surface. (50) ___________________ usually flow in the (51) ___________________ from west to east for (52) ___________________. Air often moves in jet streams at speeds greater than (53)_____________ . Like global winds, jet streams form because Earth’s surface is (54) ___________________. Instead of following a straight line, jet streams loop (55) ___________________. Each hemisphere usually has two jet streams, a (56) ___________________ and a (57) ___________________. The polar jet stream has a strong influence on weather in North America. It can pull (58) ___________________ down from Canada into the U.S. and pull (59) ___________________ up toward Canada. In addition, (60) ___________________ tend to form along its loops. Jet streams also affect air-travel times. Jet streams usually flow (61) ______________ above Earth’s surface. Since airplanes usually fly at these altitudes, their travel times can be lengthened or shortened by the strong wind of a jet stream. Patterns of Heating and Cooling Cause Local Winds and Monsoons (p. 53) Part G. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases Local Winds Some winds change daily in a regular pattern. These (62) ___________________ blow within small areas. Sea breezes and land breezes occur near (63) ___________________. During the day, land (64) ___________________. The air over the land (65) ___________. Denser ocean air moves into an area of (66) ___________________, producing a sea breeze. This pattern is reversed at night, when land cools (67) ___________ than water. Warm air rises over (68) ___________________, and cooler air flows in, producing a land breeze. Valley breezes and mountain breezes are caused by a similar process. (69) ___________________heat up and cool faster than the valleys below them. During the day, (70) ___________________ flow up mountains. At night, (71) ___________________ flow down into valleys. Part H. Draw & label the diagrams Sea Breeze & Land Breeze (p. 53). In no more than two complete sentences explain the diagram below your drawing. Part I. Fill in the blank with the missing words & phrases Monsoons Winds that change directions with the seasons are called (72) __________________. Like sea breezes and land breezes, monsoons are caused by the different (73) ______________________________________ . However, monsoons flow longer distances and affect much larger areas. Winter monsoons occur in regions where the land becomes much (74) ___________________. (75) ___________________ builds over the land, and cool, dry wind blows out toward the sea. During the summer this pattern reverses as the land becomes much warmer than the sea. Moist wind flows inland, often bringing (76) ___________________.