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NeighbourhoodChangeResearchPartnership www.NeighbourhoodChange.ca Womeninthedividedcity:Gendereddimensionsofneighbourhoodinequality, polarization,andsegregationintheTorontoCMA 17October2016 Principal Investigator with email address Co-investigator/s Community Partner/s 1. Rationale RupaleemBhuyan,Factor-InwentashFacultyofSocialWork EmilyParadis,NCRP;LeilaSarangi,Women’sHabitat;EffieVlachoyannacos,Maytree Foundation;RosemaryGartner,CentreofCriminologyandSocio-legalStudies. Women’sHabitat,WomanAbuseCouncilofToronto(WomanACT),Maytree TheNCRP’s“threecities”analysisofTorontorevealsadeeplydividedcity:whatwasinthe1970sand80sa cityofmixed-andmiddle-incomeneighbourhoodshasbecomeapolarizedandsegregatedcity,with increasingproportionsofhigh-incomeandlow-incomeneighbourhoods. Buttodate,therehasbeenlittleresearchandanalysisofhowthesetrendsaffectwomen,orwhatprograms andpoliciescanaddresstheseeffects. ThisprojectaimstoapplytheNCRP’ssocio-spatialmethodologytoananalysisofgenderandincomeinthe dividedcity.ItwillbringtogethertheNCRP’smappinganddataanalysistechniqueswithareviewof empiricalandtheoreticalliteratures,inordertodescribeandexplainToronto’sgenderedincometrends. Wewillmobilizethisknowledgeattheneighbourhoodlevelthroughparticipatoryresearchandaction, workingwithlocalorganizationstoidentifyandpromoteprogramsthataddressgender,racial,and economicinjustice. Whileextensivelystudiedanddocumented,genderandincometrendsinCanada—includingthe feminizationofpoverty,thegenderincomegap,andintersectionsofgender-basedviolenceandwomen’s poverty—tendtobeanalyzedatthenationalandprovinciallevel,notatthecityandneighbourhoodlevel. Atthesametime,theimpactsofthesetrendsaremostdirectlyexperiencedatthelocallevel,and increasingly,responsestothesetrendsarealsolocal–whethertheytaketheformofmunicipalpovertyreductionplans,place-basedprograms(suchasToronto’sNeighbourhoodImprovementAreas),and/or women’santi-povertyorganizinginneighbourhoods. Justaslocal-levelanalysisprovidesamoregroundedunderstandingofgenderandincometrends, accountingforgenderalsosharpensourviewofneighbourhoodinequality.Indeed,preliminarymapping forthisprojectdemonstratesthatwhengender,andintersectingvariablessuchasage,areincludedin socio-spatialanalysis,theinequalityamongTorontoneighbourhoodsisrevealedtobeevenstarkerthan previouslyunderstood.Newandevenmoredistantpolaritiesemerge,fromthe47censustractsinwhich working-agewomen’searningsarelessthanhalfthecity’saverageindividualincome,tothesingleCTin whichtheaverageincomeforworking-agemenismorethanthirteentimesthecity’saverage. Analystsagreethatthisdividedcity—markedbystarkneighbourhooddifferencesinincomes,health, qualityoflife,andlife-chances—hasbeenproducedbyspecificpoliticalandeconomicchangesinthepast threedecades:theriseofprecariousandnon-standardemployment;thedeclineofmanufacturing,and ascendancyofapolarizedknowledge-andservice-basedeconomy;restructuringanddownloadingofstate socialprovisiontothemunicipallevel;deepcutstoincomesecurityprograms,socialhousing,andservices; astandstillindevelopmentofpurpose-builtrentalhousing,andresidualizationofrentaltenure;growing immigrationofhighly-educatedworkersfromtheglobalsouth,whofacediscrimination,deskilling,and under-employmentinthelabourmarket;andimmigrationpolicychangesthatfavourtemporarymigrant workandproduceprecariousformsofstatus. Page 1 of 6 Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership Research Proposal: Women in the divided city Eachofthesechangeshasgendereddimensions.Thisprojectwillsynthesizetheliteraturesthatexamine howthesetrends,andothers,haveaffectedwomen.Wewillalsoconductparticipatory,neighbourhoodbasedfocusgroupsandkeyinformantinterviewstodocumenttheconsequencesofsocio-spatialinequality andpolarizationforwomeninTorontoneighbourhoods. Thisexploratoryprojectproposestodevelopaknowledgebasethatcancontributetoansweringthe questionsbelow.Themaps,data,literaturesynthesis,andlocalknowledgegeneratedthroughthisproject willsupportfurtherresearchandadvocacyonthecausesandconsequencesof,andsolutionsfor,women’s economicdisadvantageinCanadiancities. 2. PotentialPolicyRelevance TheNCRPhasdocumenteddifferencesbetweenCanada’slargecitiesintheprevalenceofinequality, segregation,andpolarization.Thesedifferencescanbeattributedtoeconomicanddemographictrends, butalsotoprovincialandmunicipalpolicesandprograms,andlocalorganizing.Recentanalysisshows differencesamongCanadiancitiesinwomen’squalityoflifeandincomes(McInturff,CCPA,2015).This studywillexaminelocalpolicies,programs,andcampaignsthatmaycontributetothesedifferences,witha focusonmunicipalandregionalpovertyreductionstrategies.TheCityofTorontoandPeelRegionarein theprocessofimplementingpovertyreductionplans;thisprojectwillprovideagenderedperspectiveon suchinitiatives. Throughitscommunity-based,participatorymethodology,theprojectwillalsobuildcapacityamong organizationsinthewomen’santi-povertyandanti-violencesectorstoidentifyandadvocateformunicipallevelpolicyandprograminterventionstoaddressgenderedandracializedinequality,polarization, segregation,andviolence. 3. ResearchQuestions 1) Howarewomen—whohavealwaysfacedhigherratesofpovertyanddisadvantage—affectedby Toronto’sincreasingsocio-spatialpolarization,segregationandinequality? a) Whatisthespatialdistributionofwomen’sincomesandthegenderedincomegapacrossneighbourhoodsin theTorontoCMA? b) Howdovariablessuchasrace,immigrantstatus,age,education,familystatus,householdcomposition, housingtenure,andhousingconditions,intersectwiththespatialdistributionofwomen’sincomesandthe genderedincomegap? c) Whatdotherelevantliteratures,andanalysisofourowndata,suggestaboutthefactorsinfluencingthe geographyofwomen’sdisadvantageinToronto?Inparticular,inwhatwaysdotrendsinthelabourmarket, immigration,andhousingoperatetoproduceandentrenchToronto’sdeeplyunevenlandscapeforwomen? d) Whatisthegeographyofgender-basedviolence,andhowdoesitcorrelatewithgenderandincometrends? Howdoscholarsandpractitionersexplainthesecorrelations,andwhataretheirramificationsforwomen? e) Howaregenderedandracializedinequality,polarization,segregation,andviolenceaffectingwomen’sdaily livesinToronto’slow-incomeneighbourhoods? 2) Whatlocalpolicies,programs,andcampaignscanmitigatetheimpactsofgenderedandracialized inequality,segregation,andviolence,andimprovequalityoflifeandlifechancesforwomeninToronto neighbourhoods? a) Inparticular,howmightmunicipalpoverty-reductionstrategies,suchasthoserecentlydevelopedbytheCity ofTorontoandPeelRegion,addresswomen’seconomicdisadvantageandgender-basedviolence? b) Whatareexamplesofsuccessfulinitiativesinotherjurisdictions? c) Whatformsoflocalorganizing—inTorontoandinotherjurisdictions—haveproveneffectiveinencouraging theadoptionandadequatefundingofsuchmeasures? Page 2 of 6 Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership Research Proposal: Women in the divided city 4. SpecificFitwiththeNCRPObjectives&ResearchQuestions ThisprojectdrawsupontheNCRP’sdatasetsandmappingcapacitiestoanalyzethenature,causes,and consequencesofsocio-spatialinequalityandpolarizationforwomeninTorontoneighbourhoods.Italso examineslocalpolicies,programs,andotherinterventionsthatcanmitigatethesetrends.Indoingso,it respondstothekeyquestionsintheNCRPproposal,andfillsanimportantgapingenderanalysis.The project’sparticipatoryapproachgroundedincommunitypartnerships,anditsfocusonmunicipal-level policies,alsoreflecttheNCRP’sknowledgemobilizationobjectives. 5. ResearchDesign&Methods Thisexploratoryprojecthasthreekeyobjectives: • • • Todescribeandexplaincurrentsocio-spatialtrendsingender,income,andviolenceagainstwomen inTorontoCMA,andtheirconsequencesforwomeninTorontoneighbourhoods; Toidentifymunicipalpoliciesandprogramsthatcanrespondtowomen’spovertyandgenderbasedviolence; Tobuildthecapacityofwomen’santi-violenceandanti-povertyorganizationstounderstandand explaingenderandincometrends;andadvocateforpolicyandprogramsolutions,particularlyat themunicipallevel. Wewillpursuetheseobjectivesthroughfourmaintasks: 1. Mappinganddataanalysis • • • ProducemapsandothervisualizationsofdataNCRPhasinhand,includingT1FFincomedata,census2006, rentalhousingdata,andpolicecallsforservicedata. Identifyandacquireadditionalsourcesofdata(forexample,datafromtheGenderandWorkDatabase http://www.genderwork.ca/gwd/;othervariablesavailableforT1FFsuchasmedianincomesand breakdownofincomesourcesbygender;socialassistancedata;dataonviolenceagainstwomenshelters). Analyzethesemapsanddatatodescribesocio-spatialtrendsinthedistributionofwomen’spoverty,the genderedincomegap,andgender-basedviolence. 2. Literaturereviewandsynthesis • Conductareviewofscholarlyworks,greyliterature,andcommunity-basedreportsthatcanhelpexplainand addressthetrendsidentifiedthroughmappinganddataanalysis,including: o o o o • empiricalandtheoreticalscholarship(particularlythatgroundedincriticalrace,feminist,andpolitical economyframeworks)oncurrentgenderandincometrends,includingthefeminizationofpoverty,the genderincomegap,gendereddifferencesinoccupationsandlabourmarketparticipation,and intersectionsofgender-basedviolenceandwomen’spoverty; analysesfocusedongenderinthe“dividedcities”literature; assessmentsofmunicipalpoliciesandprogramstoaddressgenderedandracializedneighbourhood economicdisadvantage,includingpoverty-reductionstrategiesandplace-basedpolicies; community-basedreportsonregional,municipal,andneighbourhood-basedinitiativestoimprove women’squalityoflifeandadvocateforgender,racial,andeconomicjustice. Producealiteraturesynthesissummarizingkeyinsightsandtheirapplicationtosocio-spatialtrendsin genderandincomeinTorontoCMA,andpotentialprogramandpolicyresponses. 3. Community-basedparticipatoryresearchwithwomen’santi-povertyandanti-violenceorganizations • Conveneacommunityadvisoryboardtooverseeandadvisethroughouttheresearchprocess,includinginput intothedesignandimplementationoftheresearch,reviewofthepreliminaryfindings,anddevelopmentof outputsandknowledgemobilizationstrategy. Page 3 of 6 Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership Research Proposal: Women in the divided city • • Hostmeetingsandworkshopswithrepresentativesfromwomen’santi-violenceandanti-poverty organizations,policyexperts,andscholarsfocusedongenderandincome,tofurtherrefinetheresearch questions,methodology,andpreliminaryanalyses. Conductkeyinformantinterviews,andparticipatory,neighbourhood-basedfocusgroupswith representativesofwomen’santi-violenceandanti-povertyorganizations,policymakers,womenfacing poverty,andotherlocalexperts,toexaminehowracializedandgenderedeconomicinjusticeandviolenceare affectingwomen’sdailylivesinTorontoneighbourhoods,andtolearnwhatinitiativesarebeingundertaken toimprovewomen’squalityoflifeandadvocateforsocialandeconomicchange. 4. Knowledgetranslationandsynthesis • Developplain-languagethematicsummaries,illustratedwithmapsandgraphs,thatcanbeusedbypartners intheircommunityeducationandadvocacyactivities. Inadditiontotheresearchandknowledgemobilizationtasksdiscussedabove,wewillidentifyandapply forfundingopportunitiestosupportongoingcommunity-basedresearchandactionongender,income, andviolenceagainstwomen. 6. RoleofCommunityPartners Thisprojectwasinitiatedbycommunitypartners.Uponapprovalforfunding,theco-leadswilldrawupon theirextensivenetworkstoidentifyadditionalpartnersfromthewomen’santi-povertyandanti-violence sectorsinToronto,PeelRegionandYorkRegion. Theprojectwillemployanintegratedknowledgetranslationapproachinwhichcommunitypartnersand researchersworktogethertodefineresearchquestions,developthemethodology,gatherdata,interpret findings,andmobilizeknowledge. Partnerswillplayarangeofroles,includingco-leadingtheresearch;servingonacommunityadvisory boardthatwilloverseetheresearchandprovideguidancethroughouttheprocess;andhostingthe neighbourhood-basedfocusgroups. Organizationsandindividualsparticipatinginthekeyinformantinterviewsandfocusgroupswillalsohave theopportunitytoremainincontactwiththeprojectandwillreceivethefinalreport. 7. RoleofStudents/ResearchAssistantsandContributionstoTraining Agraduatestudentwillcarryouttheliteraturereview,whileacommunity-basedresearcherwill coordinatethefocusgroups.Bothwillworkwiththeco-investigators,communitypartners,andadvisory boardtodesignandcarryouttheresearchandknowledgemobilization,gainingskillsinresearchdesign, partnerengagement,andqualitativeandethnographicmethods. 8. Schedule • • • • • • October-November2016:Conveneadvisorycommittee;conductmeetingsandworkshopswith communitypartners,researchers,andotherexpertstorefineresearchquestionsandworkplan; developethicsreview. November2016–January2017:Mapping,dataanalysis,literaturereview. January–April2017:Draftliteraturesynthesisandplain-languagethematicsummaries April–June2017:Conductkeyinformantinterviewsandneighbourhood-basedparticipatoryfocus groups.Sharedraftthematicsummariesandreviseinresponsetofeedback. July–September2017:PrepareNCRPreportonfindingsandjournalarticle. Throughoutproject:Submitapplicationsforotherfundingsourcestosustainresearchandaction. Page 4 of 6 Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership Research Proposal: Women in the divided city 9. Outcomes/Deliverables • • • • • ThematicsummariesonkeytrendsingenderedandracializedeconomicinjusticeinToronto, illustratedwithmapsandtables(draftApril2017,finalSeptember2017) Neighbourhood-basedparticipatoryfocusgroupstosharekeyfindingsandidentifyactions(April– June2017) NCRPreport(September2017) Journalarticle(December2017) Otherfundingapplications(TBD–dependingondeadlines) 10. BudgetExplanation TotalNCRPcosttoNCRP:$33,000. • • • Studentsalariesandbenefits:$8,500(300hours@$28.50/hour):graduateresearchassistantto conductliteraturereview(acommunity-basedresearcherwillbehiredthroughaCityemployment programtocoordinatethecommunity-basedparticipatoryresearch). NCRPstafftime:NCRP’sresearchmanagerwillbesecondedpart-timetobetheleadinvestigator/ managerofthisproject(i.e.,thisispartofherregularsalary,notinaddition).40days@$400/day =$16,000. Otherexpenses:$8,500 o o o ($2,500)Honorariaforresidents/representativesofunfundedorganizationsparticipatingin advisoryboard,participatoryfocusgroups,andkeyinformantinterviews. ($3,000)Servicesofpartnerorganizationstohostandprovideinterpretationfor neighbourhood-basedworkshops. ($2,000)Othercostsofneighbourhood-basedworkshops(food,childcare,TTCfare,etc.) p Sent to the NCRP’s Research Advisory Board for comment: date __________________ deadline: ________________ p Funding approved by the NCRP’s Board: $_______________ date____________________ Page 5 of 6 Neighbourhood Change Research Partnership Research Proposal: Women in the divided city SSHRC Budget Worksheet Amount requested from NCRP Contributions (In-Kind / Cash) Contribution source Total Project Cost Personnel costs Student salaries and benefits/Stipends Undergraduate * Masters * Doctorate * 8500 Non-student salaries and benefits/Stipends Postdoctoral NCRP staff time 16,000 Other Community-based researcher 8500 8500 (to be confirmed) Co-investigators’ time – 8 days @ $500 (Leila Sarangi and Effie Vlachoyannacos) Community-based researcher - Women’s Habitat To apply for Investing in Neighbourhoods grant 8000 (in-kind) Women’s Habitat, Maytree 3000 (in-kind) Community partners – advisory board participation, hosting workshops, etc 16,000 8500 8000 Travel and subsistence costs Applicant/Team member(s) travel Students travel Other expenses Non-disposable equipment (specify) Other expenses (specify) Honoraria Partner organizations – staff time to host focus groups Focus group costs (food, childcare, TTC, etc) Total 2500 3000 2000 2500 6000 3000 32,000 19,500 * Hourly rates for students: $28.50 ($25/hour plus 14% MERCS) Page 6 of 6 51,500