Download Sem1 Final SG Part2

Biology: Semester 1 Final Study Guide, Part 2
Name
ECOLOGY
1. Energy: capacity to do _____________.
a. _______________: energy that is ______________.
b. ____________: energy that is _______________.
3. Producer
4. Consumer
5. Decomposer
a. Heterotroph/Autotroph
b. Iorganic/organic Source of Energy
c. Which kingdom(s)?
d. How Food Obtained
6. Energy Pyramid: Label the trophic levels in the energy pyramid.
Label which level represents autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Where do decomposers fit into the pyramid?
7. Greenhouse Effect:
a. Causes:
b. Benefits:
c. Disadvantages:
Nutrient Cycles:
8. Identify the three major steps of the water cycle:
a. ___________________, ___________________, or __________________: water goes to atmosphere
b. _________________________: water collects in atmosphere
c. _________________________: water returns to earth
Organisms need water to stay alive because
.
9. Carbon Cycle: the 2 forms of carbon that cycle are ______________________ & _________________
a. macromolecule:
b. provides ________________ to food webs
c. Carbon dioxide is put into the air by ________________________, _________________________,
and __________________________________.
d. Carbon dioxide is removed from the air by _______________________________.
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10. Nitrogen Cycle: provides materials to make
a. Each step converts one form of nitrogen into another, which is done by __________________.
_________________________: _______________ (in air) to __________________ (in soil)
_________________________: _______________ (in soil) to _________________ (in soil)
_________________________: _______________ (in soil) to _________________ (in air)
b. When organisms die, they return their _____________ to the soil, which get broken down by
_____________ and form ____________. This material is then converted to ___________, which
plants use to make ______________.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. Write out the balanced equation for photosynthesis.
2. Reactants:
Products:
3. The purpose of pigments is to
.
4. During photosynthesis, carbon is fixed from
Location in
chloroplast
into
Reactant(s)
Purpose
.
Helper Molecules
Involved
Product(s)
5. Light
Reactions
6. Calvin
Cycle
7. How does the Calvin cycle depend on the light reactions?
8. Calvin cycle needs light because light activates the enzyme ________________________, and because the
________________________________________________________ and therefore cannot absorb __________.
CELL RESPIRATION
1. Write out the balanced reaction for cell respiration.
2. Reactants:
Products:
3. ________________ respiration, also known as ___________________, occurs if ______________ is not
present after ________________ in order to make ________________.
4. What stage of cell respiration produces the most ATP? __________________________________________
5. What is chemical energy? ________________________________ Examples: _______________________
into
6. During cell respiration, carbon is fixed from
Location
Purpose
7. Glycolysis
8. Krebs Cycle
9. Electron
Transport Chain
2
Reactants
.
Products
Net #
ATP
SYSTEMS
System
Function(s)
Major Organs & Functions
1. Circulatory
2. Digestive
3. Endocrine
4. Excretory
(Urinary)
5. Integumentary
6. Muscular
(3 types)
7. Nervous
8. Respiratory
9. Skeletal
10. Regulation of _______________________________
.
insulin: hormone released when blood sugar is ___________, causing cells to store it as
glucagon: hormone released when blood sugar is __________, causing liver to convert _________________
into _________________. This regulation of homeostasis is called a
.
11. Regulation of
increase of ADH secretion results in
decrease of ADH secretion results in
. A ___________________ attaches to and
12. A muscle contraction takes place on a
pulls on the ________________ in order to form a contraction.
13. Sensory Pathway: stimulus
___________________
sensory ______________
_________________
___________________
_________________
______________
response
Immune System
1.There are two major types of defense mechanisms within the body: ____________________ defenses and
_______________ defenses.
2. Specific defenses utilize the ________________ and ______________ immune responses.
3. Immune cells are also called _____________________, and originate in the
.
4. Viruses aren’t considered alive because they can’t
.
3
5. Humoral (antibody-mediated) immune responses use ____ cells and the overall function of this response is
to
by targeting to the pathogen’s
found in the
.
6. Cell-mediated immune responses use _____ cells and the overall function of this response is to
by targeting the pathogen’s
found in
7. How do B cells and T cells work together to get fight a pathogen?
Types of B cells
How Do They Function?
Types of T cells
How Do They Function?
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Type of Nonspecific
Defense
12.
Function
Example
13.
14.
15.
Fill in the blanks for these cell processes. Use all the words in the bank below to complete the diagram.
amino acids
cell respiration
mitochondria
ribosome
ammonia (NH4)
fatty acids
oxygen (O2)
steroids
carbon dioxide (CO2)
glucose
protein secretions
structures
cell membrane
long-term energy storage protein synthesis
water
1.
A.
2.
6.
organelle:
ATP
7.
B.
3.
organelle:
8.
4.
9.
5.
Cell
4
.